摘要：This article is about the methods and techniques used in the building ＂retrofit＂ in modernist style designed by the architect Affonso Eduardo Reidy in the fifties, and also about the project of the new Rio de Janeiro MIS （Museum of Image and Sound）, under construction, by The North-American office Diller Scofidio ＋ Renfro, both located in the city of Rio de Janeiro. These constructions present a wide view of the concept of sustainability, not commonly used in public buildings in Brazil. In the building designed by Reidy, which belongs to the State of Rio de Janeiro, the regeneration to host the new headquarters of the State Department of Taxation and Finance respected its original characteristics and used smart and sustainable design techniques, as well as recyclable materials. On the other hand, the project of the new museum at Copacabana Beach was entirely planned on sustainable bases and it includes the application of building techniques concerning that purpose. This article presents a study of these two cases and evaluates the techniques and materials used in one another. Observing the principles of sustainability in construction is a pioneering initiative of the State Government. This article aims at making the scientific community aware of the needs of immediate adoption of sustainability techniques in Civil Engineering, not only in the construction of new buildings, but also in the regeneration of the existing ones, as well as the need of imperious adoption of sustainable techniques when it comes to maintainability.

摘要：Due to the high cost of environment-friendly materials and limited funds for the new countryside construction,it is the principal contradiction in the application of environment-friendly materials to satisfy the demands of both environment protection and cost *** authors proposed that the influence ranking of these materials on environment should be clarified first to settle this contradiction,that is,to choose energy-conserving and environment-friendly materials within the limit of *** comparing the energy consumption,shock resistance,economic efficiency and social acceptability of wall materials,the influence ranking was given as below:hollow concrete block < lime-sand brick < baked chamotte brick;by analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of floor and roof concrete materials,as well as attentions for reducing negative impacts,the order of their influence was given as below:precast concrete trough plate < precast hollow strength concrete plate < cast-in-place concrete plate < cast-in-place brick-concrete plate;suitable materials for door and window frameworks were concluded,the influence order of wall and floor decoration materials on environment was given as:bare walls without plastering < walls of stable soil plastering < walls of cement-water plastering < walls of lime plastering;concrete for the overall decoration < parquet floor < tile floor < terrazzo floor;and 7 heat retardation materials were suggested for the construction of new countryside.

摘要：The sustainability of the planning and design goals of urban green land and that of its maintenance and management are mutually related and act as an organic whole. For a long time, the independence of the two is more prominent than their organic connection. This research has made preliminary considerations from three aspects. First, it concerns infusing the concept of ecology, contemplating and demonstrating space, as well as reducing the incidence of plant diseases and insect pests of urban green land. Second, the arrangement of flowers and trees for the planning and design of urban green land should comply with the biological attributes of flowers and trees to realize the organic unification of biological and scenic attributes of flowers and trees. Third, the planning and design of urban green land should attach importance to the organic unification of biological and scenic attributes of lawn grass seeds and reduce the difficulty of maintaining lawn. This research attempts to reduce the pressure of maintaining urban green land from the beginning, i.e. the planning and design of urban green land. It also tries to reduce the cost of maintenance and management to the realize planning and design goals of urban green land and the sustainability concerning its maintenance and management and arrive at the mutual unification of the planning and design as well as maintenance and management of urban green land.

摘要：sustainability is an important objective for architecture as buildings contribute sig­nificantly to the quality of the *** this reason,various building envi­ronmental assessment systems have been developed and applied around the world since *** is currently little research investigating newly developed systems unlike many previous studies on LEED,BREEAM,*** fill this gap,the present study focuses on the G-SEED system in Korea by comparing and contrasting its environmental categories and evaluation criteria with those of other major building environmental assessment *** introduce and examine the G-SEED system by addressing the Korean context and local needs to understand the forces between globalization and *** include a dense review of government docu­ments and reports and interviews with *** results demonstrate that while the Korean rating system shares many similarities with other systems due to the influence of these predecessors on its development,the G-SEED has customized its practices to meet various local needs by developing unique evaluation criteria such as noise and safety.

摘要：The urban developments have been carried out by only professionals for a long time because of efficiency and safety. However, most residents are ordinary people. Therefore, it is necessary to change the awareness of sustainable living environments, not only on the construction side but also the residents. In recent years, the number of cases of residents＇ participation in planning, maintaining, and repairing increased. However, sometimes youths and children, who might spend a lifetime longer than adults in a city after the developments have been done, are not included in this ＂Residents＂. Conceming youth and children＇s participation, CFC （child friendly city） is one of the good practices for sustainable development. It was launched by UNICEF （United Nations Intemational Children＇s Emergency Fund） and UN-Habitat in the Habitat II in 1996. City governments, especially in European countries, started to view CFC as their key concept for preservation and/or sustainable development. CFC means not only being ＂Children＂ friendly but also ＂All people＂ friendly. Various effects have been reported since the Historic Cities/districts included CFC in their city planning as a common concept, especially in education, community re-development, and operation and maintenance by the community. It is expected that better city planning in preservation and sustainable development can be achieved by adding CFC concept. In this research, an ideal way of city planning involving resident participation and the possibility in the future are analyzed based on case studies. Then a strategy of sustainable development and community planning involving youth and children＇s participation is proposed.

摘要：Aquaculture in South Korea largely involves crudely-built plastic fishery houses that consume excessive electricity and produce carbon *** study explores a potential method to make Korean aquaculture more sustainable by suggesting design alternatives that can save energy and *** this end,the authors compare the energy use and indoor environments of three different designs through field *** three designs include(i)a triple-layered plastic screen house(Design 1),(ii)an insulated vault house(Design 2),and(iii)a passive-house design(Design 3),in addition to(iv)a single-layered plastic house(baseline).Our findings indicate that,compared to the baseline,operational electricity was reduced to 57.81% in Design 1,53.92% in Design 2,and 40.59% in Design ***,Designs 2 and 3 were able to mitigate indoor temperature fluctuations in *** 1 showed a relatively unstable temperature distribution during the night but offered better farming conditions than the *** often rose to 100% but did not affect the maintenance of a desirable fish and workplace *** a high concentration of carbon dioxide of up to 3,000 ppm in Designs 1 and 2 was not expected to harm farmers’*** analyses revealed that construction expenses increased to 20.9% in Design 1,135.8% in Design 2,and 73.9% in Design 3 due to large quantities of materials and *** trade-offs with energy saving,the payback period is 7.2 years for Design 1,35.5 years for Design 2,and 17.9 years for Design *** that the lifetime expectancy of Designs 1 and 3 is over two years,the study’s results confirm that Designs 1 and 3 have a comparative advantage in producing sustainable fish-farming houses.

摘要：目前,通州区已被定为北京市的新的发展中心,但水资源短缺和污染已经严重限制了当地的可持续发展。本文以可持续发展为原则,基于"自然—社会"水循环,提出了通州区水资源综合承载力量化模型。根据通州区的未来发展规划,设计了3种情景来提高该地区的水资源综合承载力。研究表明水资源短缺严重制约了通州区的城市化进程和可持续发展,外调水、本地区节水和控制污染是解决通州区水资源短缺的有效途径。

摘要：A worldwide consensus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions has been reached at the technical and political level. However, as the issue involves economic costs and developmental interests, the international institutional framework for addressing global greenhouse gas emissions has consistently failed to balance the demands of equity and sustainability. But the sustainability of carbon budget proposal is undoubtedly achievable if the total global carbon budget （the total amount of carbon permitted by climate security） is made an absolute constraint. If an initial allocation is made among all members of the global village on a per capita basis, a limited total budget could not only meet basic needs but also ensure equity. Taking into account historical emission levels and future needs, we should implement carbon budget transfer payments and devise a corresponding financial mechanism to ensure efficient allocation. Unlike the phase-by-phase progress and provisional goals of the Kyoto Protocol, the carbon budget proposal presented here is a comprehensive and holistic package. Due to the politicization of the climate change question, however, many technical issues can only be worked out through international political and diplomatic negotiations.

摘要：以可持续发展框架为基础,景观绩效从环境、经济和社会三个方面来记录景观效益。这三者相互影响,有时候相互冲突。如果不能透彻地理解它们的相互关系。