摘要：The emerging plant synthetic metabolic engineering has been exhibiting great promise to produce either value-added metabolitesor therapeutic proteins. However, promoters for plant pathway engineering are generally selected empirically. The quantitativecharacterization of plant-based promoters is essential for optimal control of gene expression in plant chassis. Here, we used *** leaves and BY2 suspension cells to quantitatively characterize a library of plant promoters by transient expressionof firefly/Renilla luciferase. We validated the dual-luciferase reporter system by examining the correlation between reporterprotein and mRNA levels. In addition, we investigated the effects of terminator–promoter combinations on gene expressionand found that the combinations of promoters and terminators resulted in a 326-fold difference between the strongest andweakest performance, as reflected in reporter gene expression. As a proof of concept, we used the quantitatively characterizedpromoters to engineer the betalain pathway in N. benthamiana. Seven selected plant promoters with different expressionstrengths were used orthogonally to express CYP76AD1 and DODA, resulting in a final betalain production range of 6.0–362.4 μg/g fresh weight. Our systematic approach not only demonstrates the various intensities of multiple promoter sequencesin N. benthamiana and BY2 cells but also adds to the toolbox of plant promoters for plant engineering.

摘要：对大规模交直流网络下的高压直流控制保护系统进行参数优化设计,是保证灵活交流输电系统暂态性和稳定性良好的重要手段。目前由于实时仿真技术的网络节点受限、费用高等缺点,使其不适合此规模网络的试验和设计任务。文中基于ABB公司高压直流控制保护系统硬件结构特点和MACH2(modular advanced control for HVDC and SVC)系统运作机理,提出了等价实时离线仿真的实现原理和方法,使离线仿真达到实时仿真的效果;通过与实际工控机运行结果进行比对,验证了其有效性;同时对工程用高压直流控制中的电流控制功能进行了等价实时仿真。仿真结果分析表明,基于所提出的等价实时仿真原理和方法,利用商业通用的离线仿真软件,可高效地进行高压直流控制保护系统优化设计。