摘要：Nano‐catalysis plays a vital role in the chemical transformations and significantly impacts the booming modern chemical *** rapid technological enhancements have resulted in serious energy and environmental issues,which are currently spurring the exploration of the novel nano‐catalysts in diverse *** order to develop the efficient nano‐catalysts,it is essential to understand their fundamental physicochemical properties,including the coordination structures of the active centers and substrate‐adsorbate ***,the nano‐catalyst design with precise manipulation at the atomic level can be *** this account,we have summarized our extensive investigation of the factors impacting nano‐catalysis,along with the synthetic strategies developed to prepare the nano‐catalysts for applications in electrocatalysis,photocatalysis and ***,a brief conclusion and future research directions on nano‐catalysis have also been presented.

摘要：Loading of cocatalysts can effectively inhibit the recombination of photogenerated carriers in photocatalysts and greatly improve the photocatalytic hydrogen production rate. Cocatalysts can be deposited at the outlet points of electrons using a photochemical method, which is beneficial for the following photocatalytic hydrogen production reaction. H2PO2^– has been used in the photochemical reduction of transition metals because of its special properties. However, the particles formed in the presence of H2PO2^– are very large and highly crystalline, which may inhibit the activity of photocatalysts. In this study, we designed a new method for synthesizing photocatalysts by photodeposition using some other phosphates, aiming to prepare controllable weakly crystalline and small-size cocatalysts to improve the hydrogen production activity. The cocatalyst prepared using H2PO3^– as an inorganic sacrificial agent has an amorphous structure and an average size of about 10 nm. The optimal photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of the obtained Ni(OH)2/g-C3N4(4.36 wt%) is 13707.86 μmol·g^-1·h^-1, which is even higher than the activity of Pt-4.36 wt%/g-C3N4(11210.93 μmol·g^-1·h^-1). Mechanistic studies show that loading of Ni(OH)2 can efficiently accelerate the separation and transfer efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers.

摘要：We report a facile way to prepare sulfur(S) doped Ni4/5 Fe1/5-layered double hydroxide(LDH) electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction(OER). The influence of S doping amount on the OER activity of the resulted Ni Fe-LDHs was studied and the optimal surface S content was ca. 0.43 at%. The developed S-doped Ni Fe-LDH exhibits excellent OER catalyst activity in 1.0 M KOH with overpotential of only 257 m V at the current density of 10 m A cm^-2. Moreover, the catalyst could maintain high activity after 30 h stability test. The high activity of the S-doped Ni Fe-LDH catalysts may originate from the synergistic effect between S and the Fe sites. This work provides a simple but efficient way to improve the OER performance of transition metal oxides/(oxy)hydroxides.

摘要：Catalysts play decisive roles in determining the energy conversion efficiencies of energy *** to now,various types of nanostructured materials have been studied as advanced *** review highlights the application of one‐dimensional(1D)metal electrocatalysts in energy conversion,focusing on two important reaction systems-direct methanol fuel cells and water *** this review,we first give a broad introduction of electrochemical energy *** the second section,we summarize the recent significant advances in the area of 1D metal nanostructured electrocatalysts for the electrochemical reactions involved in fuel cells and water splitting systems,including the oxygen reduction reaction,methanol oxidation reaction,hydrogen evolution reaction,and oxygen evolution ***,based on the current studies on 1D nanostructures for energy electrocatalysis,we present a brief outlook on the research trend in 1D nanoelectrocatalysts for the two clean electrochemical energy conversion systems mentioned above.

摘要：Porous organic polymers(POPs)are an emerging class of porous materials,having many promising applications in a variety of *** them,covalent triazine frameworks(CTFs)featuring conjugated and porous structures can be well applied in *** achieve high optoelectronic performance,usually the design and synthesis of CTFs based on appropriate building blocks is *** we report the synthesis of two fluorescent CTFs based on typical fluorescent building blocks,in which CTF-Py constructed from a pyrene(Py)building block was reported for the first time,showing prospective applications in the sensing of nitroaromatics with high sensitivity,and photocatalytic water splitting and carbon dioxide reduction with high performance in comparison with other porous organic materials.

摘要：As one of the most appealing and attractive technologies, photocatalysis is widely used as a promising method to circumvent the environmental and energy problems. Due to its chemical stability and unique physicochemical, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has become research hotspots in the community. However, g-C3N4 photocatalyst still suffers from many problems, resulting in unsatisfactory photocatalytic activity such as low specific surface area, high charge recombination and insufficient visible light utilization. Since 2009, g-C3N4-based heterostructures have attracted the attention of scientists worldwide for their greatly enhanced photocatalytic performance. Overall, this review summarizes the recent advances of g-C3N4-based nanocomposites modified with transition metal sulfide (TMS), including (1) preparation of pristine g-C3N4,(2) modification strategies of g-C3N4,(3) design principles of TMS-modified g-C3N4 heterostructured photocatalysts, and (4) applications in energy conversion. What is more, the characteristics and transfer mechanisms of each classification of the metal sulfide heterojunction system will be critically reviewed, spanning from the following categories:(1) Type I heterojunction,(2) Type II heterojunction,(3) p-n heterojunction,(4) Schottky junction and (5) Z-scheme heterojunction. Apart from that, the application of g-C3N4-based heterostructured photocatalysts in H2 evolution, CO2 reduction, N2 fixation and pollutant degradation will also be systematically presented. Last but not least, this review will conclude with invigorating perspectives, limitations and prospects for further advancing g-C3N4-based heterostructured photocatalysts toward practical benefits for a sustainable future.

摘要：The exploration of stable and highly efficient alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)electrocatalysts is imperative for alkaline water ***,Se-doped NiCoP with hierarchical nanoarray structures directly grown on carbon cloth(Se-NiCoP/CC)was prepared by hydrothermal reaction and phosphorization/selenization *** experimental results reveal that Se doping could increase the electrochemical active sites and alter the electronic structure of *** optimized Se-NiCoP/CC electrode exhibits outstanding HER activity in alkaline electrolyte,which only needs a low overpotential of 79 mV at the current density of 10 mA/cm^(2).When serving as anode and cathode electrode simultaneously,the Se-NiCoP/CC electrodes achieve current density of 50 mA/cm^(2) at a low voltage of only 1.62 *** work provides a feasible way to rationally design high active HER electrocatalysts.

摘要：Two-dimensional carbides,nitrides,and carbonitrides(MXenes)play important roles in promoting the development of sustainable energy because they have abundant reactive sites on their *** increasing number of MXenes with diverse elements and composites have been predicted and synthesized for electrocatalysis applications since the first report of a Ti-Mo-based MXene for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Herein,we summarize the progress of MXene-based electrocatalysts for the HER,the oxygen evolution reaction,and the oxygen reduction reaction,including regulated pristine MXenes and modified hybrid MXenes,from both theoretical and experimental perspectives.A brief overview on MXene synthesis is presented first,accompanied by a discussion on the relationship between electrocatalytic properties and M,X,T,vacancies,and *** reviewing strategies in terms of atom substitution,functional modification,defect engineering,and morphology control,we emphasize the construction of heterojunctions between MXenes and other nanostructures,such as metal nanoparticles,oxides,hydroxides,sulfides,and *** finally discuss prospects for the future development of MXene-based electrocatalysts.

摘要：α-Fe2O3 thin films have been synthesized and used as photoanodes for photo-electrochemical (PEC) water oxidation. Molybdate was introduced to mediate hematite thin films via two synthesis routes (namely in situin situ mediation and ex situ modification). Through the in situ mediation process, the morphology and film thickness could be changed significantly due to the addition of MoO42-, while for the ex situ modification, the PEC performance of the hematite has been greatly improved without changing the nanorod morphology. Various characterizations such as UV-Vis absorption, transmission electronic microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy, Mott-Schottky, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were conducted and the PEC performances were investigated.

摘要：近年来,含有本征电场的二维半导体材料因拥有抑制光生载流子复合的潜在能力而受到了光催化领域研究人员的广泛关注.在本文中,我们采用第一性原理计算方法,报道了一类具有本征极性的新型二维半导体材料一单层铟-VA族化合物(ML-InXs;X=P、As和Sb),并探究了它们作为光催化剂分解水的可能.我们系统地研究了ML-InXs的几何结构、电子结构和光学性质,发现它们具有优异的结构稳定性、合适的带隙和带边位置、出色的载流子迁移率和较广的光吸收范围,因此可以成为水分解反应的优秀光催化剂.更重要的是,在ML-InXs中由本征偶极矩产生的电场可抑制光生电子-空穴对复合,大大提高了光催化反应过程中的能量转换效率.此外,我们发现应变工程可以有效地调节ML-InXs的带隙和光吸收,并显著提高它们分解水时的太阳能转化效率.我们的研究进一步加深了人们对具有本征电场的二维光催化剂的理解,并可为未来设计出具有优异性能的水分解或其他重要化学反应的光催化剂提供理论指导.