摘要：The NEW GIFT Nile tilapia （Oreochromis niloticus niloticus L.） is a nationally certificated new strain selected over 14 years and 9 generations from the base strain of GIFT Nile tilapia, introduced in 1994. This new variety has been extended in most of areas of China. The management of genetically improved strains, including the genetic markers for identification is needed urgently. RAPD analysis was conducted and their conversion to SCAR markers was developed. From NEW GIFT Nile tilapia, two strain-specific RAPD bands, S304624 bp and S36568 bp were identified. The strain-specific RAPD bands were gel-purified, cloned, and sequenced. Locus-specific primers were then designed to amplify the strain-specific bands. PCR amplification was conducted to test the variations in allele frequencies of two converted SCAR markers among the NEW GIFT Nile tilapia and its base strains, as well as 7 additional farmed strains worldwide. The frequency of SCAR marker Ⅰ （553 bp） was 85.7% in NEW GIFT Nile tilapia, but 16.7% in the base strain. The frequency of SCAR marker Ⅱ （558 bp） was 91.4% in NEW GIFT Nile tilapia, but 0% 70% in the 7 other strains. In order to confirm the utility of these two markers, an examination was conducted for a wild population from Egypt, resulted the frequency of SCAR Ⅰ and Ⅱ was 10% and 70%, respectively, much lower than that of New GIFT strain. The increase in allele frequency of these two SCAR markers suggests that these markers might be genetically linked to the quantitative trait loci （QTL） underlining the performance traits by long term selection, and indicate the bright potential of SCAR marker technology for tracking generations during selection progress and for distinguishing among genetically improved strain and other strains.

摘要：采用小片段克隆法构建了澳洲鳗鲡(Anguilla australis)的部分基因组文库,并用地高辛标记的(CA)15作探针筛选阳性克隆,共获得76条微卫星序列,其中10次以下CA连续重复序列占83.67%,没有检测到30次以上的连续重复序列。根据微卫星序列两端足够长的侧翼序列,设计引物55对,选择合成引物26对,用澳洲鳗鲡3个个体的混合基因组进行引物筛选,其中的18对具有清晰的扩增条带。将筛选出的18对引物对澳洲鳗鲡1个群体的40个个体进行了遗传多样性分析,其中1对引物扩增产物为单态,17对扩增产物呈现多态;17对扩增多态的引物在40个个体中扩增出等位基因数目为5～14,平均为9个。该澳洲鳗鲡群体的PIC、Ho、He的平均值分别为0.7157、0.6779、0.7374,所有位点均符合哈迪-温伯格平衡(P=0.05),结果证明这17个微卫星位点适于澳洲鳗鲡群体结构的研究分析。

摘要：采用快速扩增cDNA末端(RACE)克隆技术,通过设计甲壳素脱乙酰酶简并引物,从总状毛霉(Mucor racemosus)菌丝体中克隆了CDA2的基因(EF468349)及其全长cDNA(DQ678929)序列。与已获得的总状毛霉菌cda1基因相比,cda2基因中不含内含子。总状毛霉cda2全长cDNA为1 378 bp,包含23 bp 5’端非翻译区、1 254 bp开放阅读框和101 bp 3’端非翻译区,编码一条由418个氨基酸残基组成的多肽链,其N端包含一段21个氨基酸残基组成的信号肽,在150～272氨基酸残基区存在一个多糖脱乙酰酶保守结构域。通过构建pET28a-cda2表达载体和进行原核表达研究,结果显示:原核表达产生的重组蛋白CDA2的分子量约为46ku,表达形式以包涵体为主,纯化获得的重组蛋白CDA2具有甲壳素脱乙酰酶催化活性。本研究为进一步研究总状毛霉CDA2的结构和功能奠定了基础。

摘要：根据糖海带(Laminaria saccharina)光捕获蛋白基因lhcf4的cDNA全长序列(GenBank登录号:AF226860)设计引物,通过RT-PCR方法获得海带(Saccharina japonica)配子体lhcf4基因的cDNA全长序列,共1 042 bp,编码一个含218个氨基酸的前体蛋白LHCF4,推测分子量为23.11 kDa,等电点为5.36。与其同源基因相似度分析表明,lhcf基因的开放阅读框(Open reading frame,ORF)在家族内及物种间高度保守,变异主要发生在非翻译区(Untranslated re-gion,UTR)。预测LHCF4成熟蛋白三级结构存在4个α螺旋区,其中第一、三螺旋较长,形成跨膜螺旋,第二个螺旋相对较短,完全镶嵌在膜中,另外一个为短螺旋,位于类囊体膜-类囊体腔界面上。杂色藻类、绿藻及豌豆光捕获蛋白氨基酸多序列比对显示叶绿素a结合位点及盐桥形成氨基酸残基在植物进化中高度保守;将预测的海带LHCF4蛋白3D结构与豌豆X-衍射晶体结构进行空间重叠,获得了结合在LHCF4蛋白上的5个叶绿素a的空间分布。Neighbor-joining分子进化树显示原绿球藻、绿藻和杂色藻类的光捕获蛋白基因是三个独立进化的系统,共同起源于蓝细菌的只结合叶绿素a的光捕获蛋白;海带lhcf4基因与糖海带lhcf4及巨藻的fcpb基因为直系同源;糖海带lhcf4、lhcf7及lhcF1基因为旁系同源。实时荧光定量PCR结果证实lhcf4基因具有雌、雄配子体差异表达特征。

摘要：在实验室小水体中,对尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus,新吉富)、萨罗罗非鱼(Sarothrodon melanotheron)以及它们的杂交F1和F2("吉丽"罗非鱼)进行盐度梯度实验,观察其耐盐能力。采用4(遗传型)×4(水平或重复)随机区组设计。对照组全程维持淡水养殖;实验组起始盐度为0,盐度每天提高8直至实验鱼100%死亡。在水温保持(27.2±1.3)℃、正常投饵情况下,萨罗罗非鱼、尼罗罗非鱼、杂交F1及F2的50%死亡盐度平均值(MLS)分别为125.78±1.66、54.22±2.51、77.33±1.89和73.73±1.32;萨罗罗非鱼的累计存活率(CS)和MLS值均显著高于尼罗罗非鱼、杂交F1和F2(P0.05)。

摘要：利用相关序列扩增多态性(Sequence Related Amplified Polymorphism,SRAP)技术分析"全红"和"粉玉"瓯江彩鲤,筛选与瓯江彩鲤体色相关的分子遗传标记。从88个SRAP引物组合筛选出的12个引物组合共获得扩增条带104个,并筛选出1个SRAP特异扩增带,即"全红"瓯江彩鲤家系SR2,7173 bp带。该条SRAP特异扩增条带经回收、克隆和测序,并将测序结果进行BLAST分析,发现该片段在GenBank中与斑马鱼的POl多蛋白基因和尿红素基因有较高的同源性。根据序列信息分别设计了4对正、反向引物(22—26 bp)。用4对引物分别在"全红"瓯江彩鲤F2和"粉玉"瓯江彩鲤F2群体中进行PCR扩增,仅发现SC-3(154 bp)能够在"全红"瓯江彩鲤群体中特异扩增,而且在"粉玉"瓯江彩鲤F2群体中未出现此扩增带。采用大样本对该SC-3标记进行验证,结果发现,在"全红"瓯江彩鲤群体中呈现阳性,而在"粉玉"瓯江彩鲤群体中为阴性,可以区分这两种群体。因此SC-3标记可以作为"全红"瓯江彩鲤群体一个重要的分子遗传特征指标,为进一步进行分子标记辅助育种奠定了基础。