摘要：革兰阳性菌是临床上常见的致病菌,可引发多种系统性疾病。目前,临床上使用的一线抗生素对药敏型革兰阳性菌引起的感染仍不可或缺。但随着抗生素滥用现象不断加剧,新型耐药革兰阳性菌不断涌现,使得包括喹诺酮类药物在内的抗生素的药效不断下降。为克服耐药性,科学家有针对性的设计合成了数以十万计的喹诺酮衍生物,并评价它们的体内外抗革兰阳性菌活性。目前已从中筛选出若干具有潜力的候选物,进一步研究结果值得期待。本文重点介绍了喹诺酮衍生物在抗革兰阳性菌领域的最新研究进展,归纳了这类化合物在该领域的构-效关系。

摘要：目的　为了判断临床和实验室标本中是否存在病原性真菌。方法　设计了一个以热启动聚合酶链反应 (PCR)为基础的实验方法 ,以一段真菌特异性DNA序列作为通用引物进行检测。引物序列为 :①AACTTAAAGGAATTGACGGAAG ;②GCATCACAGACCTGTTATTGCCTC。结果　该法能在 3小时之内对所用的全部 2 3种共 42株重要病原性真菌及经培养证实有真菌的 2 2份临床标本成功地扩增出一条310bp的DNA片段 ,但对其它微生物和人体细胞均未扩增出类似片段。该法敏感性高 ,特异性强。结论　采用通用性强的引物系统配合特异性高的热启动PCR技术检测临床和实验室标本中是否存在病原性真菌的方法有重要的应用潜力。

摘要：The purpose of this study is to characterize the tissue distribution, excretion and pharmacokinetics profiles of R-hap in healthy Wistar rats. R-hap was radiolabeled by the IODO-GEN method. Tissue distribution and urinary, fecal and biliary excretion patterns of ^125I-R-hap were investigated following a single i.v. bolus injection. Pharmacokinetics properties of ^125I-R-hap were also examined after a single i.v. bolus injection. The trichloroacetic acid （TCA） precipitated radioactivity was widely distributed and rapiclly diminished in most tissues. Kidney contained the highest radioactivity among all organs and the distribution of ^125I-R-hap to fat was minimal. The cumulative excretion of ^125I-R-hap reached 71.81% ± 2.15% of the administered radioactivity at 48 h and 94.71% ± 1.50% at 120 h. Urinary excretion was the dominant route of elimination following i.v. administration, as 80.64% ± 1.47% and 14.07% ± 0.95% of administered radioactivity were recovered in urine and feces, respectively, in intact rats over 120 h. The mean areas under the plasma concentration-time curve was （8818.4 ± 576.1） Bq/h/mL. The results of tissue distribution, excretion and pharmacokinetics of R-hap in rats provided biopharmaceutical basis for the design of future clinical trials.

摘要：目的观察相同剂量脑活素以不同刺激量穴位注射百会、大椎穴，对Ｄ－半乳糖所致衰老模型小鼠的学习能力的影响。方法三因素三水平正交设计，以Ｙ迷宫空间分辨学习行为为指标。结果在药物浓度、治疗间隔、治疗时相３个因素中，治疗间隔是主要因素，治疗时相和药物浓度则影响不大。结论对促进Ｄ－半乳糖所致小鼠衰老模型学习能力作用最强的脑活素穴位注射治疗方案是原药稀释３０倍，每日 １次，午间治疗。