摘要：为利用城市林木枯落物与河道底泥堆肥生产有机肥,设计城市林木枯落物和经加粉煤灰钝化处理的河道底泥5种不同比例(1∶1、1∶2、1∶3、2∶1和3∶1)的高温堆肥试验,测定堆肥过程中堆温、p H值、有机质和C/N的动态变化,以及这5种配方堆肥产物的种子发芽指数。结果显示,堆温和p H值均呈先升高后下降的趋势,3∶1的配比升温迅速、高温期维持时间(5 d)最长;堆肥结束时,各处理均达到腐熟,p H值在7.47~8.87,有机质分别下降了36%、38%、42%、33%和29%,城市林木枯落物比例增加有利于减少有机质损失;由于底泥的C/N较低,增加枯落物有助于提高堆肥效率;处理1、4和5的种子发芽率分别在26、18和19 d达80%以上,而处理2和3直至堆肥结束其种子发芽率仍小于80%。综合考虑堆肥质量和效率,底泥和城市林木枯落物3∶1的处理为规模化生产有机肥的适宜原料比例。

摘要：In order to explore a technology for producing organic fertilizer by composting urban forest litter and river sediment passivated by fly ash, an experiment was conducted to study dynamic changes of several parameters including temperature, pH, organic matter, C/N and germination index （GI） during high-temperature composting of urban forest litter and river sediment at five different proportions （1：1 （Ⅰ）, 1：2 （Ⅱ）, 1：3 （Ⅲ）, 2：1 （Ⅳ） and 3：1 （Ⅴ））. Results showed that the temperature and pH increased first and then decreased; at the proportion of 3：1, the temperature increased rapidly and the high-temperature duration was longest （5 d）; at the end of the composting, all the treatments reached the decomposed status, the pH ranged from 7.47 to 8.87, and the organic matter content was reduced by 36%, 38%, 42%, 33% and 29%, respectively, indicating that increasing the proportion of urban forest litter was conducive to reducing the loss of organic matter. Due to low C/N ratio of river sediment, increasing the proportion of urban forest litter was helpful to improve the efficiency of composting. The GI of treatments I, IV and V reached 80% on day 26, 18 and 19 respectively, but the GI of treatments II and III did not reach this level until the end of composting. Considering the quality of fertilizer and efficiency of composting for large-scale production, the proportion between urban forest litter and river sediment is suitable to be set as 3：1 for production of organic fertilizer.

摘要：建筑垃圾代替天然砂石用于配制屋顶绿化基材,可以取得固废的循环利用和减量化、减少天然砂石开采破坏和缓解城市垃圾围城的压力等诸多好处。但迄今为止,还没有研究探讨建筑垃圾取代天然砂石配制屋顶绿化基材的技术可行性。针对这个问题,采用配比(体积比)为泥炭土(10%)、表土(12%)、复合肥(3g·L^(-1))以及78%的天然沙石或78%碎砖、碎混凝土配制的2种拓展型屋顶绿化基材,并盆栽2种国内流行的屋顶绿化植物佛甲草(Sedum linare)和垂盆草(Sedum sarmentosum),构成2因素(基材和植物)、2水平、4处理、每处理6次重复试验设计;在9个月内3次考察每处理植物盖度,并在试验结束时测试比较每处理植物干重、对比基材全氮、全磷和全钾含量以及每处理基材养分含量的变化。结果表明:2种基材的全磷、全氮和全钾含量变化和其上栽种的2种植物盖度和干重无显著差异;2种基材的全磷、全氮和全钾含量9个月后下降显著;所有处理中,全钾下降比例最大,全氮其次,全磷最少;佛甲草的盖度和干重显著高于垂盆草。研究证实了建筑垃圾能用于配制的拓展型屋顶绿化基材,且可以取得与天然砂石配制的基材一样的屋顶绿化效果。