摘要：针对种苗从高密度穴盘移植到低密度穴盘,或者从穴盘直接移植到花盆的温室穴盘苗移栽生产需要,设计了一种轻简型自动移栽机。利用成熟的直线模组和无杆气缸组合设计出自动移栽机械臂,驱动取苗末端执行器往复于来源盘和目标盘进行取苗、移苗、栽苗操作,采用双排链传动实现穴盘和花盆输送,对穴盘苗的夹取操作采用气动两指四针钳夹式夹钵取苗方法。根据所设计的移栽机工作要求,构建电气控制系统。试制样机,开展试验研究。采用直线位移传感器系统检测分析机器取苗移栽移位性能,结果显示对于128/72孔穴盘苗,移栽效率分别达到1 221株/h和1 025株/h,运用单样本t检验法分析得到实测取苗移位间隔与理论设定穴孔间隔无显著差别,标准差低于0.5,整机工作精度准确。以当地自行培育的种苗为移栽对象,进行温室穴盘苗移栽生产试验,对比分析自动取苗移栽效能,结果显示多种穴盘苗移栽成功率平均达到90.70%,苗钵夹取破碎率低于5%,自动取苗移栽效果较好。

摘要：以轮式拖拉机为动力的水稻精量穴播机作业时会在田面压出宽而深的轮辙,严重影响播种质量。为此,该文提出了一种变螺距等径螺旋覆土方式。该文分析了覆土原理,进行了运泥过程动力学和运动学分析,建立了螺旋覆土器的运泥量数学模型,经过理论计算和优化设计,确定了螺旋外径为250 mm、内径80 mm和最大螺距200 mm等关键参数。田间试验结果表明:在拖拉机轮辙自动填覆系数大于0.6,拖拉机前进速度不超过1 m/s条件下,轮辙覆土装置能较好的填覆辙深不超过250 mm,辙宽小于400 mm的轮辙,并保持泥面平整,满足实际生产要求。研究结果可为拖拉机轮辙覆土装置的研究和设计提供依据。

摘要：Precision planting is one key point of precision agriculture.A doorframe type swing seedling pick-up device for the automatic precise field transplanter was designed and tested in a *** seedling device could automatically extract seedlings from growing trays,transfer them,and release them into the planting unit where they were to be precisely transplanted into the *** consisted of a path manipulator and two *** path manipulator for seedling extraction was constructed with creative design ofⅡ-type mechanism combination in *** consisted of an oscillating guide linkage mechanism and a grooved globoidal cam *** to the planned seedling pick-up trajectory,the design of the path manipulator for seedling extraction was finished with a set of the closed loop vector *** gripper was a pincette-type mechanism using the pick-up pins to penetrate into the root mass for seedling *** consisted of multiple pick-up pins,U-type pull rod,shaft,stop block,compression spring and *** mechanical dimensions of the gripper were determined by the tray size and plant characteristic with a set of rectangular equations and the boundary constraint *** final gripper was developed on the basis of cultural practice for vegetable seedling in China.A prototype of the seedling pick-up device was constructed to examine whether its working efficacy was satisfactory or *** to the analysis on the work process,the seedling pick-up device could precisely complete a work cycle of approaching,penetrating,extracting,transferring,erecting and discharging a *** pepper seedlings,tomato seedlings and cucumber seedlings as the transplanting objects,the performance tests were conducted to evaluate the practicality and adaptability of the pick-up *** laboratory evaluation showed that the pick-up device equipped with two grippers could extract 70 seedlings per minute with an average success ratio of 90.49%.T