摘要：Folk songs as an important part of traditional culture in Shandong, is very important spiritual wealth. In this paper, from terms of development history, classification, local language, melody type, etc. we analyze the artistic characteristics of folk music in northern Shandong.

摘要：Montmartre Jazz House in Copenhagen became one of the most famous venues in Europe. This paper describes its history,, from the first concert performed by the American jazz musician George Lewis and His New Orleans Orchestra to the turbulent and economical difficult years in the 1970＇s when the owner, Herluf Kamp-Larsen, had to declare himself bankrupt. A couple of Danish jazz musicians, trumpet player Palle Mikkelborg （1941-） and pianist Ole Kock Hansen （1945-）, explain the importance of the venue, and some of the most legendary jazz musicians that were hired during the clubs history are mentioned. The paper is based upon the author＇s book upon the venue and gives a survey of the history of Montmartre Jazz House. The research for the book includes lots of concert reviews, interviews with many musicians, members of the staff and Herluf Kamp-Larsen, and besides, the writer had access to the archive of the jazz house.

摘要：Basing upon the tonality analytic method, the present paper aims at： （1） Drawing attention to the subordination of the minor key vs. the major key in the chord classification, using the same methodology; and （2） Showing the differences for the major key and the minor （harmonic） key in the classification of chords, as an aspect of importance for interpreting a piece＇s tonal structure diagram. The relations between chords appearing in the major and minor （harmonic） key will be shown by applying the comparisons of： （1） third-based chords; and （2） degrees in the C major and A minor keys, on which the same diatonic chords appear.

摘要：musical analysis enables us to study the various elements of a musical work, for example texture, m dynamics, or harmony （including tonality）. Thanks to musical analysis we are able to trace the compos technique, or assess the artistic value of given work. In addition to traditional, descriptive methods of e it ody, onal music analysis, we can observe in 20th century the development of methods based on science （mathematics, otherwise statistics）. Such methodologies allow us to obtain a strict understanding of the structure of musical pieces Applying mathematical methods for musical analysis seems very reasonable in relation to the output of Frederic Chopin, due to large originality of the elements of musical pieces of this composer. Present paper was written as a result of research related to the applying of numerical method of analysis for exploring the tonal structure of Chopin＇s works. The author＇s research method enables a strict analysis of the chord＇s domination that can be classified under given key （range）--taking into consideration the harmonic functions. By the method of analysis we can get charts that depict whole diatonic vertical music material of the given piece. The main objective of the present study is to describe observations on the high uniqueness in the tonal construction of selected Chopin＇s mazurkas, especially, when compared to the miniatures of other composers of the first half of the 19th century and previously analyzed Chopin＇s pieces： etudes, preludes, and songs.

摘要：Sampling synthesis is one of the most practical and widely used approaches among the various sound synthesis methods used for creating a realistic simulation of acoustic instruments. Using numerous high quality sound samples it is possible to reproduce a sound of almost any musical instrument, including subtle variations caused by the registers of an instrument or through the use of different articulation techniques and dynamic levels. However, this method has some disadvantages. Firstly, with high fidelity reproduction systems, the repeatability of samples becomes quickly apparent for more experienced listeners. This is sometimes manually corrected by switching between several different samples of the same note. Secondly, it is standard approach to record and reproduce each note separately. It prevents samplers from reproducing natural note transitions, making fluent, connected articulations, such as legato, unnatural. Finally, samplers provide a very limited number of sound parameters to control. Therefore, it is difficult to introduce a set of purposeful fluctuations of selected parameters uniquely attributable to human performances. A synthesis system which addresses the aforementioned problems has been developed at the academy of music in Krakow (Poland) for a group of wind instruments as part of a symphony orchestra. The system is based on a large collection of non-standard samples. Samples contain short sequences of notes instead of single notes. In order to use them, a number of techniques have been implemented to allow the seamless connecting of recorded sequences and the control of note durations as well as tempo and dynamics envelopes. Decision-making algorithms and signal processing are applied to create melodic figures by choosing, modifying, and connecting fragments of samples, while keeping natural note transitions intact. The problem of mimicking human performances is addressed by implementing a set of performance rules. It allows to introduce contex

摘要：Henry Purcell(1659-1695)and Benjamin Britten(1913-1976)are the main figures in English musical *** was particularly inspired by Purcell’s illustrative approach to putting together music and text,thus creating fascinating connections between different historical and musical *** paper will analyse and show the correlation between Britten’s realizations of Purcell’s setting of songs Orpheus Britannicus and the input in the original Britten’s vocal cycle Sechs H?lderlin-Fragmente *** harmonious language of the songs and different thematic motives and their relationship will be *** will demonstrate that Britten’s songs were very much shaped by thematic structure,intervals like could be found in Purcell’s vocal music and they show the parallels between Britten’s realizations of Purcell’s songs and the input in the original Britten’s vocal *** article presents the results of the analysis of a song cycle using the method of musical analysis of Rudolph Réti based on his understanding of a“thematic process”in *** paper will use the case of Britten’s vocal cycle Sechs H?lderlin-Fragmente op.61(1958)to explain how this cycle is *** song cycle will be analysed from the perspective of cyclicity based on Réti’s theory of microtopicality explaining an organic cohesion between architectonics of composition and the parts of a vocalist and a *** is argued that the cyclicity in the song cycle is created through the cross-links between the textual and musical dramaturgic lines and could be sayed about the realizations of Purcell’s Six Songs from Orpheus Britannicus(1943-45).First,the structure of the thematic motives(prime cells)in the setting of Britten’s realizations of Purcell’s Orpheus Britannicus Six Songs will be analysed and the deep connection in cyclicity will be ***,the thematic motives(prime cells)in the realizations that are cross-linked with the original Britten’s vocal cycle Sechs H?lderlin-F