摘要：稀土元素(REEs)作为现代高科技产业发展的关键原材料,在多个前沿领域具有广泛应用.然而,由于稀土元素分布相对分散,其提取往往伴随着环境退化.此外,稀土元素的相似化学性质导致了分离过程中的高能耗和过度污染排放.为了实现稀土的绿色发展和高效资源利用,通过合成生物学技术构建了工程稀土微生物.此外,我们建立了工程稀土微生物合成平台,实现了原位合成高附加值的稀土生物材料,推动了临床转化研究和应用的进展.本文综述了稀土微生物的合理设计、高价值稀土生物材料的合成及其应用.最后,简要讨论了该领域的未来研究和发展前景.

摘要：A frequency-multiplied source at the terahertz band using discrete planar Schottky diodes, which is a critical element in heterodyne instruments, has been studied by some domestic research institutions in recent years. Besides the design method, there are still many crucial problems that must be taken into consideration in the design. This article mainly discuss three aspects based on the measured data of a 225 GHz tripler that we designed. Firstly, the accuracy of the diode model concerns the reliability of the simulation results. According to the Spice parameters and the measured results, the physical size and the DC parameter of the Schottky diode can be corrected until there is a good consistency between the simulated and measured results. Secondly, the heat accumulation happens to the Schottky junction when the high input power is added. A steady-state thermal simulation is done and the results show that the hottest temperature is about 140℃ with 250 mW input power, which is safe to the diode. Lastly, some non-ideal factors are brought during the assembly process such as the uncertainty in the conductive adhesive shape and location deviation of the circuit. Furthermore, the effect on the performance of the frequency multiplier is calculated in this work.

摘要：通过设计特定的时空调制,合成磁性的概念最近被提出以实现对光子和声子等电荷中性粒子的非互易操控,但现有方案存在着隔离度低、信号频率变化等问题.本文设计了一种新型耦合共振腔系统,其中动态耦合的相位作为实现声学合成磁场的新机制并打破了系统的时间反演对称性,最终取得了优异的声波非互易传输.基于旋转波近似方法,作者严格推导出了实现系统强非互易声传输的参数条件.通过优化动态耦合之间的相位差以及耦合强度,实验展示了隔离度达45-dB和正向传输率达0.85的优异单向声传输.此外,这种单向声传输具有始末态频率不变和隔离方向可电控等重要特性.该研究突破了现有声波单向操控机制在效率和隔离度方面的局限,并为实现弗洛奎和非线性声学拓扑绝缘体提供了新途径.

摘要：Cholangiocarcinoma(CCA)is characterized by heterogeneous mutations and a refractory ***,the development of a model for effective drug screening is urgently *** the established therapeutic testing models for CCA are often ineffective,we fabricated an enabling three-dimensional(3D)-bioprinted CCA-on-a-chip model that to a good extent resembled the multicellular microenvironment and the anatomical microstructure of the hepato-vascular-biliary system to perform high-content antitumor drug ***,cholangiocytes,hepatocytes,and vascular endotheliocytes were employed for 3D bioprinting of the models,allowing for a high degree of spatial and tube-like microstructural ***,it was possible to observe CCA cells attached to the surfaces of the gelatin methacryloyl(GelMA)hydrogelembedded microchannels and overgrown in a thickening manner,generating bile duct stenosis,which was expected to be analogous to the in vivo *** 4000 differentially expressed genes were detected in the CCA cells in our 3D coculture model compared to the traditional two-dimensional(2D)*** screening revealed that the CCA cells grown in the 3D traditional model were more sensitive to the antitumoral prodrug than those in the 2D monoculture due to drug biotransformation by the neighboring functional *** study provides proof-of-concept validation of our bioprinted CCA-on-a-chip as a promising drug screening model for CCA treatment and paves the way for potential personalized medicine strategies for CCA patients in the future.

摘要：Human noroviruses(HuNoVs)are major foodborne pathogens that cause nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis *** the tissue-culture system for HuNoVs is not mature enough for routine detection of the virus,detection is mainly dependent on molecular approaches such as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(RTqPCR).The widely used primers and probes for RT-qPCR were established in the early *** HuNoVs are highly variant viruses,viral genome mutations result in previously designed primers and/or probes that were perfectly matched working less efficiently over *** this study,a new duplex RT-qPCR(ND-RT-qPCR)was designed for the detection of genogroup Ⅰ(GⅠ)and genogroup Ⅱ(GⅡ)HuNoVs based on an analysis of viral sequences added in the database after *** long transcribed viral RNAs,the results demonstrate that the sensitivity of ND-RT-qPCR is as low as one genomic copy for both GⅠ and GⅡ *** performance of ND-RT-qPCR was further evaluated by a comparison with the commonly used Kageyama primer/probe sets for RT-qPCR(Kageyama RT-qPCR)for 23 HuNoV-positive clinical *** five GⅠ samples were registered as positive by ND-RT-qPCR,whereas only two samples were registered as positive by Kageyama *** 18 GⅡ samples were registered as positive by ND-RT-qPCR,while 17 samples were registered as positive by Kageyama *** sensitivity reflected by the quantification cycle(Cq)value was lower in ND-RT-qPCR than in Kageyama *** data suggest that ND-RT-qPCR could be a good fit for the detection of current strains of HuNoVs.

摘要：直接碳固体氧化物燃料电池(DC-SOFC)以固体碳为燃料,具有全固态结构,是一种潜在的清洁高效发电装置。设计和开发合适的阳极材料对于DC-SOFC的应用具有重要意义。在本研究中,将La_(0.75)Sr_(0.25)Cr_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O_(3)-δ-Ce_(0.8)Gd_(0.2)O_(1.9)(LSCM-GDC)复合阳极应用于以La_(0.9)Sr_(0.1)Ga_(0.8)Mg_(0.2)O_(3)-δ为电解质的DCSOFCs中,电池中所用的碳燃料为油茶壳生物质炭。以LSCM-GDC为阳极的DC-SOFC在800℃时具有221 m W/cm^(2)的最大功率密度,低于常用的Ag-GDC电池的300 m W/cm^(2)。但通过离子浸渍工艺向LSCM-GDC阳极中引入Ni纳米颗粒后,最大功率密度显著提高至425 m W/cm^(2)。恒电流放电测试结果表明LSCM-GDC阳极在DC-SOFC中的稳定性很好,LSCM-GDC复合电极是DC-SOFCs的一种理想阳极材料。

摘要：Sodium-ion batteries are promising for large-scale energy storage due to sodium's low cost and infinite abundance. The most popular cathodes for sodium-ion batteries, i.e., the layered sodium-containing oxides, usually exhibit reversible host rearrangement between P-type and O-type stacking upon charge/discharge. Herein we demonstrate that such host rearrangement is unfavorable and can be suppressed by introducing transition-metal ions into sodium layers. The electrode with stabilized P3-type stacking delivers superior rate capability, high energy efficiency, and excellent cycling performance. Owing to the cation-mixing nature, it performs the lowest lattice strain among all reported cathodes for sodium-ion batteries. Our findings highlight the significance of a stable host for sodium-ion storage and moreover underline the fundamental distinction in material design strategy between lithium-and sodium-ion batteries.

摘要：具有广谱抗菌活性的纳米抗菌剂的出现是抗生素的一次革命性进化,然而其细菌捕获能力及杀菌效率低致使它仍然无法达到商品化应用的要求.受到蜘蛛捕虫行为的启发,本研究设计了一种基于银和腺嘌呤配合物合成的蜘蛛网状的纳米抗菌材料,从而实现高效的细菌捕获和杀伤.这种纳米蛛网材料能够通过静电相互作用并利用其网状的形态特征有效地吸附并捕获细菌,此外,其物理溶膜机制和活性氧杀菌机制协同作用也使其具备更优异的抗菌活性.由该纳米蛛网材料制成的创可贴与市售的商品化创可贴相比,对耐药革兰氏阴性的大肠杆菌和耐药革兰氏阳性的金黄色葡萄球菌均表现出更优异的抗菌效果.

摘要：金属有机骨架(MOFs)衍生的Co基催化剂用于芳香硝基化合物选择加氢引起了广泛的关注,但催化剂合成过程中使用大量溶剂,且对催化剂中活性中心的认识存在争议.本文开发了一种固相合成策略,在不使用任何溶剂的情况下获得MOF前体材料,经发泡和热解处理获得Co@NC催化剂.研究发现,800℃热解所得的催化剂中Co纳米颗粒被氮掺杂石墨烯壳层包裹,在3-硝基苯乙烯的加氢过程中表现出~100%的转化率,3-乙烯基苯胺的选择性大于99%,同时,该催化剂具有良好的循环稳定性和底物普适性.表征和实验结果证明该催化剂中Co–N物种为活性中心,其含量可通过热解温度进行调变,且催化性能与Co–N物种的含量存在正相关关系.本工作为设计用于选择加氢反应的高效Co基催化剂提供了一种新的绿色合成策略.

摘要：针对凸包流动分离主动控制开展了参数化数值研究。凸包模型为NA SA设计用于流动分离主动控制的内外流通用模型。重点研究运行参数变化时定常吹/吸气影响。首先采用试验数据标定了所开发程序,然后进行了一系列参数化数值模拟。结果显示:定常吸气作用明显不同于定常吹气。对于所给定几何模型,不管吸气流量增加到多大,吸气都无法消除分离,而吹气可以做到。详细展示流动结构并讨论了流动机理。