摘要：Landscape design for a green community should be favorable for the ambient ecological environment and for enhancement of both the local climate of a residential area and the environmental quality of life. This paper presents optimization methods for plant landscape design that take account of results of comparisons of noise reduction effects, heat island temperature decreases and effects on ventilation. These methods are based on different plant configurations and various luminous environments, such as exterior sunshine and shaded areas after the simulation of exterior luminous, acoustic and thermal environments of a residential area using the analytic software ECOTECT, CADNA/A, and PHEONICS. Three different types of residential buildings are simulated including a faculty apartment in the Xixi Campus of Zhejiang University, the Huaqing Villa and the Gangwan Jiayuan faculty apartment of Zhejiang University, China, based on green building design theory. In addition, the methods and process flow of landscape design of green residential areas are also described for the improvement of the exterior physical living environment.

摘要：Many studies on the mixture design of fly ash and slag ternary blended concrete have been ***,these previous studies did not consider the effects of climate change,such as acceleration in the deterioration of durability,on mixture *** study presents a procedure for the optimal mixture design of termary blended concrete considering climate change and ***,the costs of CO2 emissions and material are calculated based on the concrete mixture and unit *** cost is equal to the sum of material cost and CO2 emissions cost,and is set as the objective function of the ***,strength,slump,carbonation,and chloride ingress models are used to evaluate concrete *** effect of different climate change scenarios on carbonation and chloride ingress is considered.A genetic algorithm is used to find the optimal mixture considering various ***,ilustrative examples are shown for mixture design of ternary blended *** analysis results show that for termary blended concrete exposed to an atmospheric environment,a rich mix is necessary to meet the challenge of climate change,and for termary blended concrete exposed to a marine environment,the impact of climate change on mixture design is marginal.

摘要：The architectural design studio course is generally considered the backbone of any architectural curriculum and follows a particular method of problem solving,which makes it a distinctive *** projects in most of the architectural programs are divided into two main phases,namely,research and project *** generate many findings from the research phase that are considered *** research problem emerges when students finish writing the research thesis,and most face difficulty in translating the collected data into actions to engage the initial idea of the ***,this study aims to high-light the transitional stage between the research and schematic design phases,which is described in this study as the"predesign bridging phase."The goal is to propose a practical strategy for bridging the gap between the research and schematic design phases to facilitate derivation of the design concept from different output variables to enable the creation of a suitable architectural morphological *** study adopts two research *** is proposing a new pedagogical framework and applying it to the architectural graduation design studio at Prince Sultan University in Riyadh,Saudi *** other is conducting a survey among students to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed framework in helping them bridge the gap between the research and schematic design *** and inferential statistics analysis methods are used to analyze the research data and study the correlation between the reflection of the new applied framework in the predesign bridging phase and the students'satisfaction toward the final projects'product and performance in the final *** study ends with a conclusion on how the applied teaching strategies facilitate the project starting point and raises the importance of proposing and testing new assessment strategies that are suitable for each phase in the graduation design studio.

摘要：Robotic surgery is one of the most recent technologies in healthcare building *** to the design complexity of Robotic surgery wards,computational implementations are being developed to either measure the effect of inserting advanced technologies as Electronic medical recorders and tele surgery,or evaluate design alternatives on healthcare *** paper presents a design framework that responds to the need for coordinating design phases for Robotic Surgery Wards(RSWs)*** proposed design framework for RSWs can generate functional RSW alternatives and more than one solution for each *** framework has been structured based on the main architectural considerations of RSWs which are geom etric and topological,the economic considerations,specific developed pools for shape and corridor patterns,and the theory of,fShape Grammars"has been utilized to compute the framework to generate a vast number of design ***,a computational implementation has been established to assist designers in early design *** validation for the applications of the developed framework and implementation has been conducted by using reference examples of *** main finding in this paper is providing healthcare building designers with a computational implementation that generates RSW alternative computationally based on specific shape and cost levels.

摘要：Concentric hollow structural section （HSS） bracing members are used frequently in steel framed structural systems to resist seismic excitations. Finite element modeling of the HSS braces that utilizes the true stress- strain curves produces hysteresis responses that are reasonable matches to the experimental response. True stress-strain curves are obtained from coupon tests or stub-column tests while utilizing an exponential function or strain hardening role with a trial and error procedure to obtain the hysteresis behavior. In the current study, the true stress-strain curves are directly obtained from tests on stub-columns extracted from the full scale HSS bracing members away from the mid- length plastic hinge after cyclic testing. Two experimental tests （Shaback 2001 and Haddad 2004） were used to validate the model. Results indicate that the stress-strain curves for these braces are not unique. A refined damage accumulation model for ultra-low-cycle fatigue is implemented to predict fracture of the brace tests. The refined damage model is then used in the finite element modeling to predict fracture of braces in a chevron braced frame of an eight-storey building subjected to selected ground motions analyzed using OpenSees program. Results indicate that all braces could sustain the selected earthquake records without fracture.

摘要：The field of shape grammars spans 47 years,but its potential in the practice and education of art,architecture,and engineering remains far from being ***,while reverse engineering in some engineering disciplines is well-established,its implementation in architectural design remains *** combining the two domains,this paper develops a novel method that merges the power of shape grammars as a parsing tool in reverse engineering to decode the morphogenesis of visual compositions in architectural *** merged power is demonstrated by decoding the formal language of a faqade design of a case study,in which seemingly few simple rules can derive surprisingly complex *** rules of the language can then be used to reconstruct parts of the case *** shape grammars in the architectural literature are applied on formal historical precedents,but the subject of morphological analysis in this paper is contemporary and has a style that exhibits non-orthogonal configurations,which initially appear far from being standardized or subjected to regulatory tectonic *** faqade derivation grammar is explained and resynthesized in various computations to explore emergent articulations that display its predictive,synthetic,and generative powers in addition to typical analytic ones.

摘要：In the last ten years,‘nature’and biophilic design have received widespread attention in architecture,especially in response to growing environmental ***,open questions and controversies remain regarding conceptualizing and addressing‘nature’in practice and *** study conducts a literature review to discuss biophilic design as a theoretical framework to interpret‘nature’in *** following questions are answered:(1)How has the concept of biophilic design emerged,and how can it be defined?(2)In what ways can biophilic design contribute to the goals of sustainable architecture?(3)What are the key design strategies in biophilic design?This review identifies and compares the key frameworks of biophilic design and explains their major *** then analyse the benefits(e.g.,enhance health,well-being,productivity,biodiversity,and circularity)of biophilic design in achieving sustainability,as framed through the UN Sustainable Development *** results indicate that biophilic design is more complex and richer than the mere application of vegetation in buildings;it broadens the variety through encompassing different types of nature from physical,sensory,metaphorical,morphological,material to ***,knowledge gaps are identified to motivate future research and critical reflections on biophilic design practices.

摘要：The current development of precision plastic injection molding machines mainly focuses on how to save material and improve precision, but the two aims contradict each other. For a clamp unit, clamping precision improving depends on the design quality of the stationary platen. Compared with the parametric design of stationary platen, structural scheme design could obtain the optimization model with double objectives and multi-constraints. In this paper, a SE-160 precision plastic injection molding machine with 1600 kN clamping force is selected as the subject in the case study. During the motion of mold closing and opening, the stationary platen of SE-160 is subjected to a cyclic loading, which would cause the fatigue rupture of the tie bars in periodically long term operations. In order to reduce the deflection of the stationary platen, the FEA method is introduced to optimize the structure of the stationary platen. Firstly, an optimal topology model is established by variable density method. Then, structural topology optimizations of the stationary platen are done with the removable material from 50%, 60% to 70%. Secondly, the other two recommended optimization schemes are given and compared with the original structure. The result of performances comparison shows that the scheme II of the platen is the best one. By choosing the best alternative, the volume and the local maximal stress of the platen could be decreased, corresponding to cost-saving material and better mechanical properties. This paper proposes a structural optimization design scheme, which can save the material as well as improve the clamping precision of the precision plastic injection molding machine.

摘要：This paper discusses geometric proportions which serve as a design toot, especially for IsLamic pattern design. The key rote of geometry in Islamic patterns is discussed with relation to proportions which act as the underlying structure of the design process. Evaluations based on spatial structure and esthetic criteria are integrated into the conceptual phase of the design process. Proportions serve two objectives; firstly, in pattern design, proportions are strongly linked to geometry, which can be viewed as a self-guiding method of esthetically proven design. SecondLy, geometric proportions regulate primarily the order of patterns; while at the same time they mediate between the two poles of order and diversity as wetl as among different esthetic revels. This paper anatyzes geometric principles and design features of traditional Istamic patterns, involving geometric proportion anatysis. It also describes the syntheses of Islamic patterns from the perspectives of Islamic cosmology, philosophy and metaphysics of geometry, which can be seen as following a pre-established principle of geometric and proportional design with high accuracy and great precision. Furthermore, the underlying relationship between cosmology and geometry is manifested in Islamic patterns where geometry acts as the vocabulary underpinning the pattern language. These findings support the argument that geometry was independently discovered and applied by Islamic culture as a universal language, constituting one of the most important multicultural symbols in design.

摘要：Vernacular buildings across the globe provide instructive examples of sustainable solutions to building problems. Yet, these solutions are assumed to be inapplicable to modern buildings. Despite some views to the contrary, there continues to be a tendency to consider innovative building technology as the hallmark of modern architecture because tradition is commonly viewed as the antonym of modernity. The problem is addressed by practical exercises and fieldwork studies in the application of vernacular traditions to current problems. This study investigates some aspects of mainstream modernist design solutions and concepts inherent in the vernacular of Asia, particularly that of the Chittagong Hill Tracts （CHT）. This work hinges on such ideas and practices as ecological design, modular and incremental design, standardization, and flexible and temporal concepts in the design of spaces. The blurred edges between the traditional and modern technical aspects of building design, as addressed by both vernacular builders and modern architects, are explored.