摘要：Landscape design for a green community should be favorable for the ambient ecological environment and for enhancement of both the local climate of a residential area and the environmental quality of life. This paper presents optimization methods for plant landscape design that take account of results of comparisons of noise reduction effects, heat island temperature decreases and effects on ventilation. These methods are based on different plant configurations and various luminous environments, such as exterior sunshine and shaded areas after the simulation of exterior luminous, acoustic and thermal environments of a residential area using the analytic software ECOTECT, CADNA/A, and PHEONICS. Three different types of residential buildings are simulated including a faculty apartment in the Xixi Campus of Zhejiang University, the Huaqing Villa and the Gangwan Jiayuan faculty apartment of Zhejiang University, China, based on green building design theory. In addition, the methods and process flow of landscape design of green residential areas are also described for the improvement of the exterior physical living environment.

摘要：This paper reviews the use of fiber-reinforced polymers （FRPs） in architectural and structural bridge design in the Netherlands. The challenges and opportunities of this relatively new material, both for the architect and the engineer, are discussed. An inventory of recent structural solutions in FRP is included, followed by a discussion on architectural FRP applications derived from the architectural practice of the author and of other pioneers.

摘要：Housing is dynamic. It changes with time. A sample of 60 houses in the Shagari Low Cost housing scheme in Kanra Namoda was studied in order to find out the characteristics of changes made by the users. Physical observations and questionnaires were used as the major instruments of data collection. The results show that 91% of occupants have made various changes to the original designs without the help of professional designers, and some of the changes have completely transformed the outlook of the houses in locational planning, materials and form. This implies that a post architectural design phase exists, suggesting that the design process can be divided into two phases; the initial design by the architect and the subsequent redesign by the user. The paper presents preliminary findings on the general characteristics of user redesign and concludes that a clear process can be established. The architectural design process can, therefore, be expanded to include the user redesign process in order to reflect the entire lifespan of the building.

摘要：目的:活性瓷釉涂层能够显著增强钢筋的防腐蚀能力,同时明显提升钢筋与混凝土的粘结力。通过对活性瓷釉涂层钢筋以及钢纤维增强混凝土板在动、静力荷载作用下的承载力、变形特性以及破坏特征的研究,为活性瓷釉涂层技术在钢筋混凝土结构中的应用奠定理论基础。创新点:1.对活性瓷釉涂层钢筋混凝土板的动、静力学性能进行系统研究;2.探究活性瓷釉钢纤维在混凝土结构中的作用机理。方法:1.通过对活性瓷釉涂层钢筋混凝土板进行爆炸实验(图3),揭示活性瓷釉涂层钢筋混凝土结构的动力破坏特征(图5和6);2.通过对活性瓷釉涂层钢筋混凝土板进行静力实验(图4),研究在"点"荷载和"线"荷载作用下混凝土板的力学性能;3.通过分析钢纤维在钢筋混凝土结构中的传力机理,提出活性瓷釉涂层钢纤维在钢筋混凝土结构中的设计方法(图13)。结论:1.活性瓷釉涂层能够显著改善钢筋在混凝土结构中的传力性能;在动力荷载作用下,涂层钢筋混凝土结构的破坏程度明显减轻。2.活性瓷釉涂层能够显著改善钢筋混凝土结构的变形特性,大大增强其耗能能力。3.采用活性瓷釉涂层的钢纤维,其纤维长度可适当减小。

摘要：The works of Alvaro Siza have been referred that they were not the theoretical architecture but the sensual and experiential one. His works were designed on the base of their locality that each of them located. For the study, I selected a work of him, which was the Mimesis Art Museum at Paju in South Korea, and reviewed existing literatures to understand how he controlled the light and created the architectural spaces and forms in relation with the light, and I measured the illumination levels of the inside areas of the Mimesis Art Museum, and then, I surveyed the visitors’ responses on the lighting conditions of the Mimesis Art Museum. The results of the measurements showed that the illumination levels of the Mimesis Art museum on the first floor were effectively controlled to display the art works. The illumination levels on the third floor, however, were much higher than recommended illumination values for museum because of less controlled natural light. Therefore, more considerations to control the natural light are needed to secure stable environment in the exhibition spaces. Meanwhile, the answers of questionnaires concerning the quality of lighting conditions in the Mimesis Art Museum showed that the natural light was so effective to light the museum although the natural light illuminated some areas of the museum with high illumination levels.

摘要：In this study, two full-size concrete wails were tested and analyzed to demonstrate the effectiveness of a chemically reactive enamel （CRE） coating in improving their mechanical behavior under blast loading： one with CRE-coated rebar and the other with uncoated rebar. Each wall was subjected in sequence to four explosive loads with equivalent 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene （TNT） charge weights of 1.82, 4.54, 13.6, and 20.4 kg. A finite element model of each wall under a close-in blast load was developed and validated with pressure and strain measurements, and used to predict rebar stresses and concrete surface sWain distributions of the wall. The test results and visual inspections consistently indicated that, compared with the barrier wall with uncoated reinforcement, the wall with CRE-coated rebar has fewer concrete cracks on the front and back faces, more effective stress transfers from concrete to steel rebar, and stronger connections with its concrete base. The concrete surface strain distributions predicted by the model under various loading conditions are in good agreement with the crack patterns observed during the tests.

摘要：Analysis of sensitivity of bioretention cell design elements to their hydrologic performances is meaningful in offering theoretical guidelines for proper design. Hydrologic performance of bioretention cells was facilitated with consideration of four metrics： the overflow ratio, groundwater recharge ratio, ponding time, and runoff coefficients. The storm water management model （SWMM） and the bioretention infiltration model RECARGA were applied to generating runoff and outflow time series for calculation of hydrologic performance metrics. Using a parking lot to build a bioretention cell, as an example, the Morris method was used to conduct global sensitivity analysis for two groups of bioretention samples, one without underdrain and the other with underdrain. Results show that the surface area is the most sensitive element to most of the hydrologic metrics, while the gravel depth is the least sensitive element whether bioretention cells are installed with underdrain or not. The saturated infiltration rate of planting soil and the saturated infiltration rate of native soil are the other two most sensitive elements for bioretention cells without underdrain, while the saturated infiltration rate of native soil and underdrain size are the two most sensitive design elements for bioretention cells with underdrain.

摘要：Nowadays, urban design faces complex demands. It has become a necessity to negotiate between stakeholder objectives, the expectations of citizens and the demands of planning. It is desirable to involve the stakeholders and citizens from an early stage in the planning process to enable their different viewpoints to be successfully expressed and comprehended. Therefore, the basic aim of the study was how the MR （mixed reality） application is designed to encourage and improve communication on urban design among stakeholders and citizens？ In this paper, we discuss new approaches to visualize urban building and environment alternatives to different stakeholders and provide them with tools to explore different approaches to urban planning in order to support citizen＇s participation in urban planning with augmented and mixed reality. The major finding of the study is that learning ＂how these participatory technologies may help build a community of practice around an urban project＂. And throughout the different experiences, we can learn to assist towards development of a methodology to use the mixed reality as a simulation tool in the enhancement of collaborative interaction in real-Egyptian project. So, we can determine a number of recommendations to deal with new participatory design tools for urban planning projects.

摘要：Effective assessment is inseparable from good teaching and learning. Just as a good tutor would practice different techniques of teaching, an assessor would usually use different strategies of assessment. Moreover, the different activities of assessment, such as teaching, are additionally executed at various times during the semester, thus, we can know in which way the student is learning. An assessment strategy lays out a well thoroughly considered choice of assessment methods that are aligned with the aims and learning outcomes. Because align the assessment with a specific kind of learning outcome, the tutor needs to choose a suitable technique of assessment. This paper draws upon a case study of the first year architectural design at Pharos University as another way to deal with realizing ＂how to design your assessment plan＂. Throughout the form of criteria based assessment, assessment can help to review the students and instructors feeling and reactions. Finally, we can learn to assist towards enhancing student learning through assessment. So, we can attract the consideration regarding the advantages of reviewing current assessment practices, and of accepting different ways to deal with assessment methods, in this manner profiting together student and tutor.

摘要：Recent efforts have focused on the fabrication and application of three- dimensional （3-D） nanoarchitecture electrodes, which can exhibit excellent electrochemical performance. Herein, a novel strategy towards the design and synthesis of size- and thickness-tunable two-dimensional （2-D） MnO2 nanosheets on highly conductive one-dimensional （l-D） backbone arrays has been developed via a facile, one-step enhanced chemical bath deposition （ECBD） method at a low temperature （-50 ℃）. Inclusion of an oxidizing agent, BrO3-, in the solution was crucial in controlling the heterogeneous nucleation and growth of the nanosheets, and in inducing the formation of the tailored and uniformly arranged nanosheet arrays. We fabricated supercapacitor devices based on 3-D MnO2 nanosheets with conductive Sb-doped SnO2 nanobelts as the backbone. They achieved a specific capacitance of 162 F·g-1 at an extremely high current density of 20 A·g% and good cycling stability that shows a capacitance retention of -92% of its initial value, along with a coulombic efficiency of almost 100% after 5,000 cycles in an aqueous solution of I M Na2SO4. The results were attributed to the unique hierarchical structures, which provided a short diffusion path of electrolyte ions by means of the 2-D sheets and direct electrical connections to the current collector by 1-D arrays as well as the prevention of aggregation by virtue of the well-aligned 3-D structure.