摘要：Periodic composites with band gaps that prevent the propagation of elastic waves in certain frequency ranges can be used to control waves for a variety of engineering applications. Although studies on the characteristics of these materials, which are called phononic crystals (PCs), have yielded a large number of positive results in recent years, there is still a lack of effective design methods. In this work, a multi-objective optimization approach based on the band gap mechanism and an intelligent algorithm is used to design a one-dimensional (1D) slab construction of PCs. The design aims to fit pre-determined bands by arranging the available materials properly. Obtained by analyzing the wave transmission in periodic layers, the objective functions are linked to the optimization program to obtain a proper solution set. The results of the numerical simulations demonstrate that without constructing complicated structures, the design method is able to produce PCs that overcome the limitations of two-component PCs and hence can feasibly and effectively achieve the design targets. The design approach presented in this paper can be extended to two-or three-dimensional systems and has great potential for the development of sound/ultrasound isolation structures, multiple band frequency filters, and other applications.

摘要：Traffic accidents involving pedestrians and drivers pose significant public health and safety *** the differential influences of road physical design attributes on crash frequencies for these two groups is critical for developing targeted safety *** that the zero-truncated characteristic of the data is uncertain,the results of the zero-truncated negative binomial models and traditional negative binomial models are calculated to seek the better *** result revealed that the road surface conditions and vertical and horizontal curvature have greater influence on both pedestrian and driver compared to number of lanes and speed *** speed limits were more pronounced for pedestrian crash frequency than driver ***,the effect of different types of intersections was stronger for driver crash *** differential influences of road physical design attributes on traffic crash frequencies for pedestrians versus drivers highlight the importance of adopting a user-centric approach to transportation safety planning and infrastructure *** interventions to address the unique needs and vulnerabilities of different road user groups can lead to more effective safety improvements and better overall traffic safety outcomes.

摘要：Ongoing global architectural agendas span climate change,energy,a carbon-neutral society,human comfort,COVID-19,social justice,and *** architecture studio allows architecture students to learn how to solve complicated environmental issues through integrated thinking and a design *** *** of Energy’s Solar Decathlon Design Challenge enables them to broaden their analytic perspectives on numerous subjects and strengthen their integrated thinking of environmental impacts,resilience,sustainability,and ***,the unprecedented impact of the global COVID-19 pandemic transformed the physical studio-based design education system into an online-based learning *** social distancing by the global COVID-19 pandemic restricted interactive discussions and face-to-face collaborations for the integrated zero-energy building design process,which requires features of architecture,engineering,market analysis,durability and resilience,embodied environmental quality,integrated performance,occupant experience,comfort and environmental quality,energy performance,and *** study emphasizes the educational effectiveness of virtual design studios as a part of the discourse on architectural pedagogy of zero-energy building(ZEB)design through integrated designs,technological theories,and analytic *** survey results of ten contests show educational achievement with over 90%of the highest positive tendency in the categories of embodied environmental quality and comfort and environmental quality,whereas the positive tendency of educational achievement in the categories of integrated performance,energy performance,and presentation were lower than 70%.The reason for the low percentage of simulation utilization and integrated performance was the lack of a proper understanding of and experience with ZEB simulations and evaluations for undergraduate *** VDS is not an ideal pedagogical system for the iterativ

摘要：The potential role of formal structural optimization was investigated for designing foldable and deployable structures in this ***-sizing nested optimization is a challenging design ***,represented by the lengths and relative angles of elements,is critical to achieving smooth deployment to a desired span,while the section profiles of each element must satisfy structural dynamic performances in each deploying *** characteristics of deployable structures in the initial state,the final state and also the middle deploying states are all crucial to the structural dynamic *** shape was represented by the nodal coordinates and the profiles of cross sections were represented by the diameters and ***(sequential quadratic programming) method was used to explore the design space and identify the minimum mass solutions that satisfy kinematic and structural dynamic *** optimization model and methodology were tested on the case-study of a deployable *** strategy can be easily extended to design a wide range of deployable structures,including deployable antenna structures,foldable solar sails,expandable bridges and retractable gymnasium roofs.

摘要：In this study,a method for control of reticulated shells is proposed and its practicality is *** control is implemented by replacing selected bars of the shell with passive viscoelastic *** applying the eigenvalue perturbation technique and the earthquake spectrum concept,the sensitivities of various topologies of the shell are analyzed,and the optimal topology is determined by taking their symmetries into *** results of this research show that common damper topologies are not effective for all types of responses and recorded *** optimal topology identifi ed requires a minimal number of dampers for each type of earthquake *** displacement control effect of the dynamic responses of the optimal topology is 10% – 20%; the acceleration control effect is also about 10% – 20%; and the axial force control effect is as much as 30% – 45%.Furthermore,the incremental dynamic analysis(IDA) method is used to investigate the stability of the controlled *** results show that the dynamic stability of the controlled shell is well preserved when it is vibrated under vibration and is better than the uncontrolled *** ultimate load increased by 10% and the elements entered into the plastic stage when the peak acceleration reached 580 Gal,which is 200 Gal larger than the uncontrolled shell.

摘要：In recent years, more and more studies are focused on the performance in seismic design instead of the strength of structures. People have realized that the structure deformation (displacement) can describe the damage more properly and directly than the strength (force). The displacement design spectra need to be constructed within more wide range of the period and the damping for the displacement-based seismic design.

摘要：Analytic hierarchy process(Group AHP) is combined with two different methods of assigning experts' priority to weight indicators in building energy efficiency *** is to assign the experts' priority averagely,and the other is to use cluster analysis to assign experts' *** results show that,1) Different expert's priority assigns result in great different weights of indicators in building energy efficiency assessment,therefore,the method of assigning experts' priority should be taken into account carefully while weighting indicators of building energy efficiency assessment using Group AHP;2) Three indicators are found to be overwhelmingly important in residential building energy efficiency assessment in the hot summer and cold winter zone in *** are 'Outdoor & indoor shadow','Heating & air-conditioning facilities' and 'Insulation of envelope';3) The method combining cluster analysis with Group AHP to weight indicator of building energy efficiency assessment has the advantage of finding overwhelming important indicator,whereas,some less important indicators have a tendency to be ignored.A useful reference is provided for building energy conservation including policy revision and energy efficient residential building design.

摘要：Based on the tilt observation of an ancient tower, the method of calculating the tilt direction and tilt by using the strict adjustment method was introduced to calculate the coordinates of the center of gravity of a structure, so as to provide a reference for the tilt observation of other circular structures or high-rise buildings.

摘要：Green heart is an important part of urban ecosystem and urban public space. Due to the limitation of geography, hydrology, soil, climate, transportation and other factors, valley cities in the Loess Plateau have certain particularities in the construction of their green hearts. Based on the connotation and characteristics of green heart, a typical valley city of Shenmu in Shaanxi Province was selected for research, and explored the adaptive design strategy of green heart in the city combining with the planning and design of the Central Park in Shenmu, so as to provide a reference point for the construction of green heart in the same type of city.

摘要：Architects welcome double skin facade(DSF)due to its aesthetic *** first DSF structure was intended to prevent cold weather and strong ***,the application of DSF under different climates has been investigated in many previous ***,little work had been done on the behaviour of DSF in hot and humid ***,this paper aimed to extend the application into this specific climate and Guangzhou was selected as the sample *** the climate and the design influence the performance of *** this paper,rather than explore how each design parameter influences the performance,the design was evaluated from an overall *** Designbuilder software was used to build the single skin facade(SSF)and double skin facade base *** HVAC energy consumption for both the two models was calculated and *** optimisation process was conducted to figure out what kinds of parameter combination could make the design more energy-saving and thermally *** results indicated that it was possible to design an energy-saving DSF system applied in hot and humid climates compared with the SSF *** efficiency of the DSF could be further enhanced with a better parameter *** optimised options had some features in common,which could provide some inspirations for the application of DSF in hot and humid climates.