摘要：Plants are complex systems hierarchically organized and composed of various cell *** understand the molecular underpinnings of complex plant systems,single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)has emerged as a powerful tool for revealing high resolution of gene expression patterns at the cellular level and investigating the cell-type ***,scRNA-seq analysis of plant biosystems has great potential for generating new knowledge to inform plant biosystems design and synthetic biology,which aims to modify plants genetically/epigenetically through genome editing,engineering,or re-writing based on rational design for increasing crop yield and quality,promoting the bioeconomy and enhancing environmental *** particular,data from scRNA-seq studies can be utilized to facilitate the development of high-precision Build-Design-Test-Learn capabilities for maximizing the targeted performance of engineered plant biosystems while minimizing unintended side *** date,scRNA-seq has been demonstrated in a limited number of plant species,including model plants(e.g.,Arabidopsis thaliana),agricultural crops(e.g.,Oryza sativa),and bioenergy crops(e.g.,Populus spp.).It is expected that future technical advancements will reduce the cost of scRNA-seq and consequently accelerate the application of this emerging technology in *** this review,we summarize current technical advancements in plant scRNA-seq,including sample preparation,sequencing,and data analysis,to provide guidance on how to choose the appropriate scRNA-seq methods for different types of plant *** then highlight various applications of scRNA-seq in both plant systems biology and plant synthetic biology ***,we discuss the challenges and opportunities for the application of scRNA-seq in plants.