摘要：Lithium-ion capacitors(LICs),consisting of a battery-like negative electrode and a capacitive porous-carbon positive electrode,deliver more than twice the energy density of electric double-layer ***,their wide application suffers from low energy density and reduced cycle life at high ***,hierarchical meso±microporous carbon nanospheres with a highly disordered structure and nitrogen/phosphorous co-doped properties were synthesized through a facile template *** hierarchical porous structure facilitates rapid ion transport,and the highly disordered structure and high heteroatom content provide abundant active sites for Li+charge *** experiments demonstrated that the carbon nanosphere anode delivers large reversible capability,greatly improves rate capability and exhibits excellent cycle *** LIC fabricated with the carbon nanosphere anode and an activated carbon cathode yields a high energy density of 103 W h kg^(-1),an extremely high power density of 44,630 W kg^(-1),and longterm cyclability of over 10,000 *** work presents how structural control of carbon materials at the nano/atomic scale can significantly enhance electrochemical performance,enabling new opportunities for the design of high-performance energy-storage devices.

摘要：Because of its high purity and excellent orientation, mesophase pitch is a superior precursor for high-performance car-bon materials. However, the preparation of top-notch mesophase pitch faces challenges. Catalytic polycondensation at low temperat-ures is more favorable for synthesizing mesophase pitch, because it circumvents the high-temperature free radical reaction of other thermal polycondensation approaches. The reaction is gentle and can be easily controlled. It has the potential to significantly im-prove the yield of mesophase pitch and easily introduce naphthenic characteristics into the molecules, catalytic polycondensation is therefore a preferred method of synthesizing highly spinnable mesophase pitch. This review provides a synopsis of the selective pre-treatment of the raw materials to prepare different mesophase pitches, and explains the reaction mechanism and associated research advances for different catalytic systems in recent years. Finally, how to manufacture high-quality mesophase pitch by using a cata-lyst-promoter system is summarized and proposed, which may provide a theoretical basis for the future design of high-quality pitch molecules.

摘要：Nitrogen doping has been widely used to improve the performance of carbon electrodes in supercapacitors,particularly in terms of their high-frequency ***,the charge storage and electrolyte ion response mechanisms of different nitrogen dopants at high frequencies are still *** this study,melamine foam carbons with different configurations of surfacedoped N were formed by gradient carbonization,and the effects of the configurations on the high-frequency response behavior of the supercapacitors were *** a combination of experiments and first-principle calculations,we found that pyrrolic N,characterized by a higher adsorption energy,increases the charge storage capacity of the electrode at high *** the other hand,graphitic N,with a lower adsorption energy,increases the speed of ion *** propose the use of adsorption energy as a practical descriptor for electrode/electrolyte design in high-frequency applications,offering a more universal approach for improving the performance of N-doped carbon materials in supercapacitors.

摘要：Sub-1 nm nanowires(SNWs) can not only be processed like polymers due to their polymer-analogue properties but also show multifunctions owing to their well-manipulated compositions and structures. Rationally designed and engineered multicomponent heterostructure SNWs can further enhance their multifunction performance while it is very challenging to achieve such SNWs at ***, we synthesized Bi_(2)O_(3)-polyoxometalate heterostructure SNWs(PMB SNWs), and fabricated super-aligned PMB SNWs films(S-PMB SNWs films), which can serve as interlayers to efficiently suppress lithium polysulfide(LPS)shuttling, intrinsically promote the redox kinetics of the LPS conversion and substantially protect the Li anode. The lithium-sulfur(Li-S) battery with the S-PMB SNWs film as the interlayer showcases an ultralow capacity decay rate with 0.013% per cycle over 850 cycles. This study demonstrates the potential of heterostructure SNWs to improve the performance of Li-S batteries.