摘要：Nanozymes,the functional nanomaterials with enzyme-like activities,have been widely explored for both in vitro and in vivo applications(Wei and Wang,2013;Wu et al.,2019;Huang et al.,2019;Liang and Yan,2019).Particularly,by modulating the levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in vivo,numerous therapeutic nanozymes have been developed to treat diseases,ranging from cancer to neurodegenerative diseases(Fan et al.,2018;Kwon et al.,2018).

摘要：The practical application of high-energy lithium–sulfur battery is plagued with two deadly *** is the“shuttle effect”originated from the sulfur cathode,and the other is the low Coulombic efficiency and security issues arising from the lithium metal *** addressing these issues,we propose a novel silicon-sulfurized poly(acrylonitrile)full *** this lithium metal-free system,the Li source is pre-loaded in the cathode,using a nitrogen evolution reaction(NER)to implant Li+into the silicon/carbon *** poly(acrylonitrile)based on a solid–solid conversion mechanism can fundamentally circumvent the“shuttle effect”.Meanwhile,the silicon/carbon anode can achieve more efficient utiliza-tion and higher security when compared with the Li metal *** full cell used in this technology can deliver a capacity of 1169.3 mAh g^(-1),and it can be stabilized over 100 cycles,implying its excellent elec-trochemical ***,the practical pouch cell with a high sulfur loading of 4.2 mg cm^(-2)can achieve a high specific energy of 513.2 Wh *** mechanism of the NER in cathode has also been investigated and analyzed by in situ ***,this battery design completely conforms to the current battery production technology because of the degassing of gasbag,resulting in a low manufactur-ing *** work will open the avenue to develop a lithium metal-free battery using the NER.

摘要：Photoelectrocatalytic water splitting is an effective way to utilize the solar energy to solve the energy shortage. The valence band edge of WO3 located at 3V vs. normal hydrogen electrode（NHE）, which can offer enough potential to kinetically oxidize water for oxygen evolution reaction. However, water oxidation reaction kinetics is sluggish when only WO3 is used as the photoanode. It is highly desirable to use cocatalyst to promote the kinetics. Mn Oxloaded on the WO3 photoanode through photodeposition methods improves the photoelectrochemical water oxidation performance. A maximum photocurrent density of composite photoanode is achieved with a deposition time of 3 min, which is higher than that of pristine WO3 photoanode around 40%. Mn O2 is not only a cocatalyst for water splitting but also for improving oxidation selectivity. We tried to use two means to load Mn Oxon WO3 photoanode material. It is observed that loading a moderate amount of Mn Oxon the WO3 by photodeposition can promote the performance of the WO3 photoanode.

摘要：In recent years, solar desalination and water evaporation/purification with various artificial architectures have drawn significant attention. Herein, we introduce a rational design structure for efficient solar water evaporation and purification, focusing on the balance between water transportation and thermal *** wood after a simple flame treatment on the surface was utilized as the solar absorber, with a high solar absorbance(~90 %), good hydrophilicity, and excellent heat localization abilities. Besides,a thermal insulator(polystyrene foam) was used to further reduce the thermal loss, and the optimized ratio between the water path and thermal insulator was obtained. A set of floating foam-flamed-wood(F-F-wood) devices were fabricated with a high evaporation rate of 3.92 kgm-2 h-1, exhibiting photothermal purification abilities from seawater and wastewater containing organic dyes and heavy metals. This study sheds light on the rational design of scalable and low-cost devices for solar water evaporation and purification.

摘要：Working principles of silicon double P-N junction color sensor are introduced and a color measurement system to distinguish tooth color difference is designed in this *** system consists of silicon double P-N junction,a small optical fiber probe,signal process circuit and an MSP430FG439 single-chip *** in size,this system can measure different parts of the tooth in a fast and convenient way with ***,this system will be very promising in building prosthodontics and tooth fabrication.

摘要：The design and preparation of non-noble metal catalysts with high catalytic activity and robust stability are important in the research of metal-air batteries and fuel ***,a three-dimensional(3D)hierarchically ordered porous carbon nanomaterial was conveniently synthesized with zeolite-imidazole framework(ZIF-8)carbonization using the silica-template method and carbon nanotube(CNT)*** addition of an iron source endows the porous mFeNCCNT with Fe-based nanoparticles and abundant atomically dispersive Fe-Nx sites from its nitrogen-incorporated graphitic carbon *** a result,the 3D porous structure reduces the charge transport resistance,and the iron and nitrogen codoped carbon exhibits excellent catalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)similar to that of commercial Pt/***,the interwoven CNTs obtained under urea catalysis further shorten the ion and electron diffusion *** and theoretical analyses revealed that the optimized mFeNC-CNT has a high ORR activity with a half-wave potential of 0.908 V and a large open-circuit voltage(1.556 V)when applied on zinc-air *** work provides a promising strategy for the rational design and facile synthesis of high-performing non-noble metal-based electrocatalysts for energy storage,conversion,and transport applications.

摘要：This vertically self‐pillared(VSP)structure extends the application range of traditional porous materials with facile mass/ion transport and enhanced reaction ***,we prepare a single crystal metal‐organic framework(MOF),employing the ZIF‐67 structure as a proof of concept,which is constructed by vertically self‐pillared nanosheets(VSP‐MOF).We further converted VSP‐MOF into VSP‐cobalt sulfide(VSP‐CoS2)through a sulfidation *** plays an important role in almost all battery technologies;for metallic batteries,lithium anodes exhibit a high theoretical specific capacity,low density,and low redox ***,during the half‐cell reaction(Li++e=Li),uncontrolled dendritic Li penetrates the separator and solid electrolyte interphase *** employed as a composite scaffold for lithium metal deposition,there are many advantage to using this framework:1)the VSP‐CoS2 substrate provides a high specific surface area to dissipate the ion flux and mass transfer and acts as a pre‐catalyst,2)the catalytic Co center favors the charge transfer process and preferentially binds the Li+with the enhanced electrical fields,and 3)the VSP structure guides the metallic propagation along the nanosheet 2D orientation without the protrusive *** these features enable the VSP structure in metallic batteries with encouraging performances.

摘要：Advances in the photocurrent conversion of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides have enabled the realization and application of ultrasensitive and broad-spectral photodetectors. The requirements of previous devices constantly drive for complex technological implementation, resulting in limits in scale and complexity. Furthermore, the development of large-area and low-cost photodetectors would be beneficial for applications. Therefore, we demonstrate a novel design of a heterojunction photodetector based on solution-processed ultrathin MoSe2 nanosheets to satisfy the requirements of its application. The photodetector exhibits a high sensitivity to visible–near infrared light, with a linear dynamic range over 124 decibels (dB), a detectivity of ~1.2 × 1012Jones, and noise current approaching 0.1 pA·Hz–1/2at zero bias. Significantly, the device shows an ultra-high response speed up to 30 ns with a 3-dB predicted bandwidth over 32 MHz, which is far better than that of most of the 2D nanostructured and solution-processable photodetectors reported thus far and is comparable to that of commercial Si photodetectors. Combining our results with material-preparation methods, together with the methodology of device fabrication presented herein, can provide a pathway for the large-area integration of low-cost, high-speed photodetectors. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2016, Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

摘要：稀土元素(REEs)作为现代高科技产业发展的关键原材料,在多个前沿领域具有广泛应用.然而,由于稀土元素分布相对分散,其提取往往伴随着环境退化.此外,稀土元素的相似化学性质导致了分离过程中的高能耗和过度污染排放.为了实现稀土的绿色发展和高效资源利用,通过合成生物学技术构建了工程稀土微生物.此外,我们建立了工程稀土微生物合成平台,实现了原位合成高附加值的稀土生物材料,推动了临床转化研究和应用的进展.本文综述了稀土微生物的合理设计、高价值稀土生物材料的合成及其应用.最后,简要讨论了该领域的未来研究和发展前景.

摘要：Theranostic nanoprobes can potentially integrate imaging and therapeutic capabilities into a single platform,offering a new personalized cancer diagnostic ***,there is a growing concern that their clinical application is not safe,particularly due to metal-containing elements,such as the gadolinium used in magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).We demonstrate for the first time that the photothermal melting of the DNA duplex helix was a reliable and versatile strategy that enables the on-demand degradation of the gadolinium-containing MRI reporter gene from polydopamine(PDA)-based theranostic *** combination of chemotherapy(doxorubicin)and photothermal therapy,which leads to the enhanced anti-tumor *** vivo MRI tracking reveals that renal filtration was able to rapidly clear the free gadolinium-containing MRI reporter from the mice *** results in a decrease in the long-term toxic effect of theranostic MRI *** findings may pave the way to address toxicity issues of the theranostic nanoprobes.