摘要：The bone regenerative scaffold with the tailored degradation rate matching with the growth rate of the new bone is essential for adolescent bone *** satisfy these requirement,we proposed bone tissue scaffolds with controlled degradation rate using osteoinductive materials(Ca-P bioceramics),which is expected to present a controllable biodegradation rate for patients who need bone *** properties,porosity,compressive strength and degradation properties of the scaffolds were studied.3D printed Ca-P scaffold(3DS),gas foaming Ca-P scaffold(FS)and autogenous bone(AB)were used in vivo for personalized beagle skull defect *** results indicated that the 3DS was highly vascularized and well combined with surrounding *** showed obvious newly formed bone *** showed the best repair effect,but it was found that AB scaffolds were partially absorbed and *** study indicated that the 3D printed Ca-P bioceramics with tailored biodegradation rate is a promising candidate for personalized skull bone tissue reconstruction.

摘要：This novel face mask is designed to be a reusable respirator with a small and highly efficient disposable fabric *** material requirements are reduced by 75%compared to traditional designs and allow repeated cleaning or *** probability of virus particle inhalation is reduced using novel air filtration pathways,through square-waveform design to increase filter *** enters the mask from right and left side filters,while the area in front of the mouth is *** epoxy is used for a transparent frame,allowing lip-reading,and mask edges contain a silicone seal preventing bypass of the *** mask is manufactured using silicone molds,eliminating electricity requirements making it economical and viable in developing *** fluid dynamics numerical studies and Fluent ANSYS software were used to simulate airflow through the filter to optimize filter air path geometry and validate mask design with realistic human *** breathing cycle was represented as a transient function,and N95 filter specifications were selected as a porous *** novel design achieved 1.2×10^(−3) kg s^(−1),20%higher than human requirements,with air streamlines velocity indicating local high speed,forcing and trapping virus particles against filter walls through centrifugal forces.

摘要：我们在场电气化学地成年的 ultrathin 上的电场效果的研究，有在测微计范围的 15 nm 和长度的最小的直径的直铂 nanowires，在 H2PtCl6 在在金属电极之间的硅氧化物底层上综合了答案。platinumcontaining 酸和 nanowires 的直径上的应用电压的频率的集中的影响与相应理论分析被讨论。，我们由金属电极的特定的几何学第一次证明电场介绍，戏剧性地影响 nanowires 的生长和形态学。最后，我们为控制制造提供指南，消除分叉并且联系直， ultrathin 金属电线并且树枝状的生长，它是当前的自底向上的纳米技术的主要缺点之一。建议概念薄 nanowires 自己组装，由电场影响了，潜在地经由电极几何学的聪明的设计为指导 nanocontacting 代表一条新线路。从 nanoelectronics 的可能的应用活动范围到煤气的传感器和生物传感器。

摘要：The repair of osteochondral defects is one of the major clinical challenges in ***-established osteochondral tissue engineering methods have shown promising results for the early treatment of small ***,less success has been achieved for the regeneration of large defects,which is mainly due to the mechanical environment of the joint and the heterogeneous nature of the *** this study,we developed a multi-layered osteochondral scaffold to match the heterogeneous nature of osteochondral tissue by harnessing additive manufacturing technologies and combining the established art laser sintering and material extrusion *** developed scaffold is based on a titanium and polylactic acid matrix-reinforced collagen“sandwich”composite *** microstructure and mechanical properties of the scaffold were examined,and its safety and efficacy in the repair of large osteochondral defects were tested in an ovine condyle *** 12-week in vivo evaluation period revealed extensive and significantly higher bone in-growth in the multi-layered scaffold compared with the collagen–HAp scaffold,and the achieved stable mechanical fixation provided strong support to the healing of the overlying cartilage,as demonstrated by hyaline-like cartilage *** histological examination showed that the regenerated cartilage in the multi-layer scaffold group was superior to that formed in the control *** genes such as aggrecan and collagen-II were upregulated in the scaffold and were higher than those in the control *** findings showed the safety and efficacy of the cell-free“translation-ready”osteochondral scaffold,which has the potential to be used in a one-step surgical procedure for the treatment of large osteochondral defects.

摘要：Freeze drying has a deleterious effect on the viability of microorganisms. In front of this difficulty, the present study adopts response surface methodology to optimize the chemical compositions of protective agents to seek for maximum viability of Bifidobacterium longum BIOMA 5920 during freeze-drying. Through the compara- tive analysis of single protectant, the complex protective agents show better effect on the Bifidobacterium viability. Human-like collagen (HLC), trehalose and glycerol are confirmed as significant factors by Box-Behnken Design. The optimized formula for these three variables is tested as follows: HLC 1.23%, trehalose 11.50% and glycerol 4.65%. Under this formula, the viability is 88.23%, 39.67% higher in comparison to the control. The viable count is 1.07×10 9 cfu·g-1 , greatly exceeding the minimum viable count requirement (10 6 cfu·g-1 ).

摘要：As a bone scaffold,meeting all basic requirements besides dealing with other bone-related issues-bone cancer and accelerated regeneration-is not expected from traditional scaffolds,but a newer class of scaffolds called *** a clinical point of view,being a multifunctional scaffold means reducing in healing time,direct costs-medicine,surgery,and hospitalization-and indirect costs-loss of mobility,losing job,and *** main aim of the present review is following the multifunctional bone scaffolds trend to deal with both bone regeneration and cancer *** consideration is given to different fabrication techniques which have been applied to yield these materials spanning from traditional to modern ***,the hierarchical structure of bone plus bone cancers and available medicines to them are introduced to familiarize the potential reader of review with the pluri-disciplinary essence of the ***,a brief discussion relating to the future trend of these materials is provided.

摘要：在过去的年，重要努力被奉献了为同时的治疗和诊断探索新奇的药交货和察觉策略。为人的 hepatocellular 癌房间的荧光察觉，为指向的药和 plasmid 交货的 theranostic nanocarriers 此处被描述的 biotinylated 聚氨酯脲 nanoparticles 的发展。这些指向的 nanoparticles 明确地被设计把 biotin 合并到聚合矩阵，自从许多肿瘤作为增加不受管束的细胞生长的机制为 biotin 打 overexpress 受体。获得的 nanoparticles 是球形的，展出了变化的一条平均直径 110145 nm，并且没在健康 endothelial 房间显示出 cytotoxicity。Biotinylated nanoparticles 有选择地被合并到 perinuclear 和人的 hepatocellular 癌房间线的原子区域， HepG2 在分割，然而并非进成长，健康、人的 endothelial 房间。确实， anticancer 药， phenoxodiol 或 sunitinib 的同时的加入，和编码绿色的 plasmid DNA 荧光灯蛋白质，进这些， nanoparticles 允许指向的药理学 antitumor 效果并且而且，记者基因的选择 transfection，检测这些癌症房间。这里描述的联合指向的治疗和察觉策略能为肝癌症治疗和诊断被利用，与中等安全侧面，并且可以也是为癌症的另外的类型的一个潜在的工具。

摘要：Injection therapy for diabetes has poor patient compliance,and the pain occurring at the site of subcutaneous injections causes significant inconvenience to diabetic *** this work,to demonstrate the benefits of an alternative drug delivery technique that overcomes these issues,methacrylated gelatin hydrogel-forming microneedles integrated with metformin were developed to adjust blood glucose levels in diabetic *** methacryloyl microneedles(GelMA-MNs)with different degrees of substitution were successfully prepared by a micro-molding *** resultant GelMA-MNs exhibited excellent mechanical properties and moisture ***,an anti-diabetic drug,was further encapsulated into the GelMA-MNs,and its release rate could be controlled by the three-dimensional cross-linked network of microneedles,thereby exhibiting sustained drug release behaviors in vitro and implying a better therapeutic effect compared with that of subcutaneous injection in diabetic *** drug release period could be significantly prolonged by improving the cross-link density of *** results of hypoglycemic effect evaluation show that the application of GelMA-MNs for transdermal delivery in diabetic rats has promising benefits for diabetes treatment.

摘要：The optimization of the scaffolds to provide a suitable matrix and accelerate the regeneration process is vital for bone tissue ***,poor mechanical and biological characteristics remain the primary challenges that must be *** example,although bredigite(Br)has shown great potential for application in bone tissue engineering,it easily fails in *** the present work,these challenges are addressed by reinforcing the Br matrix with nanosheets of graphene oxide(rGO)that have been reduced by bovine serum albumin(BSA)in order to enhance the mechanical properties and biological *** reduction of graphene oxide by BSA improves the water stability of the nanosheets and provides an electrostatic interaction between theBSA-rGO nanosheets and theBr *** high thermal conductivity of theBSA-rGO nanosheets decreases the porosity of the Br by transferring heat to the core of the ***,the addition of BSA-rGO nanosheets into the Br matrix enhances the adhesion of G-292 cells on the surface of the *** findings suggest that the tablet consisting of BSA-rGO-reinforced Br has encouraging potential for application in bone tissue engineering.

摘要：Since the start of the Precision Medicine Initiative by the United States of America in 2015,interest in personalized medicine has grown *** short,personalized medicine is a term that describes medical treatment that is tuned to the *** possible way to realize personalized medicine is 3D *** using materials that can be tuned upon stimulation,4D printing is *** recent years,many studies have been exploring a new field that combines 3D and 4D printing with *** has resulted in many concepts of pharmaceutical devices and formulations that can be printed and,possibly,tailored to an ***,the first 3D printed drug,Spritam®,has already found its way to the *** review gives an overview of various 3D and 4D printing techniques and their applications in the pharmaceutical field as drug delivery systems and personalized medicine.