摘要：Manganese tetravalent oxide(MnO_(2)),a superstar Faradic electrode material,has been investigated extensively for capacitive desalination,enabling higher salt adsorption capacity compared to the great majority of carbonous ***,few works paid attention on the relationship between the valences of manganese oxide and their desalination *** the first time,we prepared the spindle-like manganese oxides/carbon composites with divalent(MnO@C),trivalent(Mn_(2)O_(3)@C)and divalent/trivalent(Mn_(3)O_(4)@C)manganese by pyrolysis of manganese carbonate precursor under different condition,*** electrochemical behavior in three-electrode system and electrosorption performance obtained in hybrid membrane capacitive deionization(HMCDI)cells assembled with capacitive carbon electrodes were systematically evaluated,*** salt adsorption capacity(as large as 31.3,22.2,and 18.9 mg·g^(−1))and corresponding average salt adsorption rates(0.83,0.53,and 1.71 mg·g^(−1)min−1)were achieved in 500 mg·L^(−1) NaCl solution for MnO@C,Mn_(2)O_(3)@C,and Mn_(3)O_(4)@C,*** fifteen electrosorption-desorption cycles,ex-situ water contact angle and morphology comparison analysis demonstrated the superior cycling durability of the manganese oxide electrodes and subtle difference between their surface ***,density functional theory(DFT)was also conducted to elaborate the disparity among the valence states of manganese(+2,+3 and +2/+3)for in-depth *** work introduced manganese oxide with various valences to blaze new trails for developing novel Faradic electrode materials with high-efficiency desalination performance by valence engineering.

摘要：镁离子电池因其高理论容量和丰富的自然资源被认为是下一代储能系统的潜在候选者.然而,镁离子电池的发展受到镁负极与常见的镁盐和传统有机液体电解液溶剂不相容的限制.因此,电解液的发展是开发高效镁离子电池的决定性因素.镁离子电池的进一步应用所面临的一个主要挑战是开发具有适当的电化学窗口、与镁负极兼容、安全性高的电解液.当前,用于镁离子电池的主要电解液类型包括有机液体电解液、水系电解液、离子液体电解液和固态电解质.本文强调了每个类别中高性能镁离子电池电解液的最新进展,对先进电解液的设计策略进行了系统评估,分析了每种电解液的优点和局限性以及对现有问题的解决方案,并从电解液合成的角度讨论了镁离子电池的发展;最后,讨论并设想了镁离子电池电解液的未来设计,这将对进一步提高镁离子电池的性能提供支持.

摘要：Solution-synthesis method is attractive for solid electrolytes because it is a facile and scalable process to be used to permeate electrodes and to construct a thin electrolyte coating layer on active *** this work,we report Cl-doped Na_(3)SbS_(4) prepared via aqueous-solution *** decent ionic conductivity,the aqueous-solution approached electrolyte demonstrates an improved interfacial stability toward Na metal compared to the solid-state sintered one because of the residual hydrate,nanosized microstructure,and Cl ***-solid-state batteries using the solution-prepared electrolytes have enhanced cycling performance,though the performance still needs to be further improved.

摘要：Layered double hydroxides(LDHs)with decent oxygen evolution reaction(OER)activity have been extensively studied in the fields of energy storage and ***,their poor conductivity,ease of agglomeration,and low intrinsic activity limit their practical *** date,improvement of the intrinsic activity and stability of NiFe-LDHs through the introduction of heteroatoms or its combination with other conductive substrates to enhance their water-splitting performance has drawn increasing *** this study,vertically interlaced ternary phosphatised nickel/iron hybrids grown on the surface of titanium carbide flakes(NiFe P/MXene)were successfully synthesised through a hydrothermal reaction and phosphating calcination *** optimised NiFe P/MXene exhibited a low overpotential of 286 m V at 10 m A cm^(-2) and a Tafel slope of 35 m V dec^(-1) for the OER,which exceeded the performance of several existing NiFe-based *** P/MXene was further used as a water-splitting anode in an alkaline electrolyte,exhibiting a cell voltage of only 1.61 V to achieve a current density of 10 m A cm^(-2).Density functional theory(DFT)calculations revealed that the combination of MXene acting as a conductive substrate and the phosphating process can effectively tune the electronic structure and density of the electrocatalyst surface to promote the energy level of the d-band centre,resulting in an enhanced OER *** study provides a valuable guideline for designing high-performance MXenesupported NiFe-based OER catalysts.

摘要：To provide an accurate prediction of the product component dependence of temperature and pressure in vacuum distillation and give convenient and efficient guidance for the designing of the process parameters of industrial production, according to the molecular interaction volume model(MIVM), the separation coefficient(β) and vapor-liquid equilibrium composition of Au-Ag alloy at different temperatures are calculated. Combined with the vapor-liquid equilibrium(VLE) theory, the VLE phase diagrams, including the temperature-composition(T-x) and pressure-composition(p-x) diagrams of Au-Ag alloy in vacuum distillation are plotted. The triple points and condensation temperatures of gold and silver vapors are calculated as well. The results show that the β decreases and the contents of gold in vapor phase increase with the distillation temperature increasing. Low pressures have positive effect on the separation of Ag and Au. The difference between the condensation temperatures of gold and silver is about 450 K in the pressure range of 1-10 Pa.

摘要：Constructing bismuth oxyhalide solid solutions with a single homogeneous phase have intrigued the research community;however,a deeper understanding of the intrinsic origin for improved bulk-charge separation is still ***,a series of Bi_(24)O_(31)Cl_(x)Br_(10-x) solid solutions with the same structural characteristics were synthesized by crystal structure *** density functional theory calculation,Kelvin probe force microscopy,and zeta potential testing results,an enhanced internal electric field(IEF)intensity between[Bi_(24)O_(31)]and[X]layers was achieved by changing halogen types and *** greatly facilitated bulk-charge separation and transfer efficiency,which is significant for the degradation of phenolic organic *** to the enhanced IEF intensity,the charge carrier density of Bi_(24)O_(31)Cl_(4)Br_(6) was 33.1 and 4.7 times stronger than that of Bi_(24)O_(31)Cl_(10) and Bi_(24)O_(31)Br_(10),***,Bi24O31Cl4Br6 had an optimal photoactivity for the degradation of bisphenol A,which was 6.21 and 2.71 times higher than those of Bi_(24)O_(31)Cl_(10) and Bi_(24)O_(31)Br_(10),***,this study revealed the intrinsic mechanism of the solid solution strategy for photocatalytic performance enhancement with respect to an IEF.

摘要：叉指式背接触硅异质结(IBC-SHJ)太阳电池由于其优异的光学性能备受关注,但是较低的填充因子(FF)限制了其转换效率.本文中,我们用Silvaco TCAD软件模拟了IBC-SHJ太阳电池,发现p-n结和高低结收集载流子的能力有很大差异.高低结内建电场较弱,难以收集电子是FF较低的主要原因.因此,我们用氢化纳晶硅(nc-Si:H)薄膜来代替氢化非晶硅(a-Si:H)薄膜,并且在nc-Si:H薄膜表面覆盖一层超薄高掺杂层进一步提高了载流子传输效率,获得了高达85.3%的FF.此外,三层nc-Si:H薄膜还提高了工艺生产中对掺杂层厚度的容错性,这大大扩展了IBCSHJ太阳电池的工艺窗口.这项工作为解决IBC-SHJ太阳电池的电学问题提供了一条有效的途径,对工艺生产中IBC-SHJ太阳电池的设计具有指导意义.

摘要：Metal–organic framework(MOF)membranes hold great promise in energy-efficient chemical *** outstanding challenges of the microstructural design stem from(1)thinning of membranes to immensely reduce the mass-transfer resistance(for high permeances);(2)tuning of orientation to optimize the selective transport of gas molecules,and(3)reinforcement of intercrystalline structure to subside leakage through defective gaps(for high selectivity).Here,we propose the ZIF-L membrane that is completely confined into the voids of the alumina support through an interfacial assembly process,producing an appealing membrane-interlocked-support(MIS)composite architecture that meets the requirements of the microstructural design of MOF ***,the membranes show average H2 permeances of above 4000 GPU and H_(2)/CO_(2) separation factor(SF)of above 200,representing record-high separation performances of ZIF-L membranes and falling into the industrial target zone(H_(2) permeance>1000 GPU and H_(2)/CO_(2) SF>60).Furthermore,the ZIF-L membrane possessing the MIS composite architecture that is established with alumina particles as scaffolds shows mechanical stability,scraped repeatedly by a piece of silicon rubber causing no selectivity loss.

摘要：Photocatalytic decomposition of sugars is a promising way of providing H_(2),CO,and HCOOH as sus-tainable energy ***,the production of C_(1) chemicals requires the cleavage of robust C−C bonds in sugars with concurrent production of H_(2),which remains ***,the photo-catalytic activity for glucose decomposition to HCOOH,CO(C_(1) chemicals),and H_(2) on Cu/TiO_(2)was enhanced by nitrogen *** to nitrogen doping,atomically dispersed and stable Cu sites resistant to light irradiation are formed on Cu/TiO_(2).The electronic interaction between Cu and nitrogen ions originates valence band structure and defect levels composed of N 2p orbit,distinct from undoped Cu/TiO_(2).Therefore,the lifetime of charge carriers is prolonged,resulting in the pro-duction of C_(1) chemicals and H_(2) with productivities 1.7 and 2.1 folds that of Cu/TiO_(2).This work pro-vides a strategy to design coordinatively stable Cu ions for photocatalytic biomass conversion.

摘要：When a proton reduction cocatalyst is loaded on an n-type semiconductor for photocatalytic overall water splitting(POWS),the location of water oxidation sites is generally considered at the surface of the semiconductor due to upward band-bending of n-type semiconductor which may ease the transfer of the photogenerated holes to the ***,this is not the case for Pt/SrTiO_(3),a model semiconductor based photocatalyst for *** was found that the photogenerated holes are more readily accumulated at the interface between Pt cocatalyst and SrTiO_(3) photocatalyst as probed by photo-oxidative deposition of PbO_(2),indicating that the water oxidation sites are located at the interface between Pt and SrTiO_(3).Electron paramagnetic resonance and scanning transmission electron microscope studies suggest that the interfacial oxygen atoms between Pt and SrTiO_(3) in Pt/SrTiO_(3) after POWS are more readily lost to form oxygen vacancies upon vacuum heat treatment,regardless of Pt loading by photodeposition or impregnation methods,which may serve as additional support for the location of the active sites for water oxidation at the *** functional theory calculations also suggest that the oxygen evolution reaction more readily occurs at the interfacial sites with the lowest *** experimental and theoretical studies reveal that the more active sites for water oxidation are located at the interface between Pt and SrTiO_(3),rather than on the surface of SrTiO_(3).Hence,the tailor design and control of the interfacial properties are extremely important for the achievement or improvement of the POWS on cocatalyst loaded semiconductor photocatalyst.