摘要：背景:MBL基因据认为在人类抗结核(TB)感染天然免疫应答中发挥作用。目的:探讨MBL基因多态性与中国汉族人群结核感染关联的可能性。设计:共有152名男性肺结核病人和293名健康男性对照纳入本研究。联合应用引物序列特异性PCR(PCR-SSP)和序列特异性寡核苷酸探针杂交(PCR-SSOP)方法对MBL基因六个单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)位点(A/B,A/C,A/O,H/L,Y/X和P/Q)进行基因型或单倍体型在病例组和对照组的分布进行比较,并进行非条件logistic回归分析。结果:当单独考虑时,5个位点的基因型和单倍体型与发病均无显著相关。然而,当重新分组后,和YA组相比,编码低水平MBL的XB单倍体组在病例组中有很高的出现频率(OR=1.57,95%CI:1.02-2.41, P<0.05)结论:虽然低水平XB单倍型组在中国汉族人群肺结核感染中为一较弱的危险因素,但MBL多态性和肺结核之间的关联没有观察到令人信服的证据。

摘要：高铁的迅速发展为现有的高铁无线通信系统带来了一些新的挑战.一个准确描述隧道信道特性的信道模型,对高铁通信系统的设计和评估意义重大.由于隧道狭长的空间、隧道本身的边界性以及产生的波导效应等,高铁隧道中的信道特性不同于其他的高铁场景.此外,隧道信道的一些特性目前还没有被充分地研究.因此,考虑大尺度和小尺度衰落特性的准确的隧道信道模型是十分必要和重要的.本文全面地综述了已开展的隧道信道测量及采用不同方法建模的隧道信道模型,讨论了未来高铁隧道信道测量及建模的一些研究方向.

摘要：目的 与“不用针灸”对比,确定“使用针 灸”的治疗方法对慢性头痛患者的头痛、健康状 况及无病时间的影响。 设计 随机对照试验。 试验场所 英格兰和威尔士的开业医生诊所。 受试对象 401位慢性头痛患者,主要是偏 头痛患者。 干预 患者被随机分配进入针灸治疗组(在 3个月内接受12次针灸治疗)和对照组(接受常 规治疗)。 主要结果测定指标 治疗前、治疗后3个月 及12个月对头痛积分,SF-36健康状况及用药量 进行评估。每3个月对治疗方法作1次评估。头 痛积分即判定疗效的主要终点指标。 结果 针灸组治疗后12个月的头痛积分(针 灸组161例患者,平均头痛积分为16．2,标准差 13．7,比治疗前减少34％)比对照组低(对照组140 例患者,平均头痛积分为22．3,标准差17．0,比 治疗前减少16％)。两种方法调整后的差异为4．6 (95％可信区间为2．2-7．0;P=0．0002)。对于包 含缺失数据的灵敏度分析,该结果也是肯定的。 针灸组的患者每年少头痛22(8-38)天。尽管达到 统计学差异的项目仅有生理功能、精力和健康改 变等,SF-36的资料也有利于针灸组。与对照组相 比,针灸组的患者减少了15％的服药量(P=0．02), 减少了25％的就诊量(P=0．10),同时减少15％的 病休时间(P=0．2)。 结论 针灸在初级保健中用于治疗慢性头痛, 特别是偏头痛,可以产生与临床相关的持久益 处。应当考虑扩大英国国家医疗保险体系中针灸 治疗的范围。

摘要：Confined low dimensional charges with high density such as two-dimensional electron gas(2 DEG)at interfaces and charged domain walls in ferroelectrics show great potential to serve as functional elements in future ***,stabilization and control of low dimensional charges is challenging,as they are usually subject to enormous depolarization ***,we demonstrate a method to fabricate tunable charged interfaces with~77°,86°and 94°head-to-head polarization configurations in multiferroic Bi Fe O_(3) thin films by grain boundary *** adjacent grains are cohesively bonded and the boundary is about 1 nm in width and devoid of any amorphous ***,the polarization remains almost unchanged near the grain boundaries,indicating the polarization charges are well compensated,i.e.,there should be two-dimensional charge gas confined at grain *** the tilt angle of the grain boundaries enables tuning the angle of polarization configurations from 71°to 109°,which in turn allows the control of charge density at the grain *** general and feasible method opens new doors for the application of charged interfaces in next generation nanoelectronics.

摘要：A molecular [Ru(bda)]-type(bda = 2,2’-bipyridine-6,6’-dicarboxylate) water oxidation catalyst with 4-vinylpyridine as the axial ligand(Complex 1) was immobilized or co-immobilized with 1-(trifluoromethyl)-4-vinylbenzene(3 F) or styrene(St) blocking units on the surface of glassy carbon(GC) electrodes by electrochemical polymerization, in order to prepare the corresponding poly-1@GC, poly-1+P3 F@GC, and poly-1+PSt@GC functional electrodes. Kinetic measurements of the electrode surface reaction revealed that [Ru(bda)] triggers the O–O bond formation via(1) the radical coupling interaction between the two metallo-oxyl radicals(I2 M) in the homo-coupling polymer(poly-1), and(2) the water nucleophilic attack(WNA) pathway in poly-1+P3 F and poly-1+PSt copolymers. The comparison of the three electrodes revealed that the second coordination sphere of the water oxidation catalysts plays vital roles in stabilizing their reaction intermediates, tuning the O–O bond formation pathways and improving the water oxidation reaction kinetics without changing the first coordination structures.

摘要：Phenyl 4-(2-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl)benzenesulfonates (PIB-SOs) and phenyl 4-(2-oxoimidazolidin- 1-yl)benzenesulfonamides (PIB-SAs) are new, potent combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) analogs designed on the basis of their common phenyl 2-imidazolidone moiety. This phenyl 2-imidazolidone group is a bioisosteric equivalent of the trimethoxyphenyl group also found in colchicine, podophyllotoxin and several other ligands of the colchicine-binding site (C-BS). In this study, we investigate the interactions involved in the binding of PIB-SO and PIB-SA into the C-BS. We describe three distinct pockets (I, II, and III) as key structural elements involved in the interactions between the C-BS and PIB-SOs as well as PIB-SAs. We show that PIB-SOs and PIB-SAs adopt 4 and 3 distinct binding conformations, respectively, within the C-BS. The binding conformations I and IV are common to most PIB-SOs and PIB-SAs exhibiting high affinity for the C-BS and high cytocidal potency. In addition, binding conformation I is the main conformation adopted by PIB-SOs, PIB-SAs, T138067, ABT-751, colchicine and CA-4. We also observe that the sulfonate and the sulfonamide moieties of PIB-SOs and PIB-SAs are bioisosteric equivalents. Interestingly, we further find that a large portion of the phenyl 2-imidazolidinone moiety in these analogs does not bind to pocket I unlike the trimethoxyphenyl moiety found in several antimicrotubule agents such as colchicine, CA-4 and podophyllotoxin, suggesting that the phenyl 2-imidazolidinone group may represent a new haptophoric moiety useful for the design of new C-BS inhibitors mimicking the tropolone and the methoxylated phenolic moieties of colchicine and CA-4, respectively.

摘要：本文利用全球海气耦合模式，设计并进行了7组高原不同隆升情景的数值试验，集中研究了青藏高原隆升在欧亚内陆干旱演化中的作用。在无高原试验中，亚洲副热带干旱区为东西对称的纬向型分布；随着高原高度的增加，一方面有助于东亚季风降水的向北扩展，另一方面导致欧亚大陆西风强度显著减弱，使得亚洲副热带气候纬向不对称性增加，同时欧亚中纬度干旱面积增加。其原因是，高原隆升导致近地层气温下降，进而大气含水量减小；同时，地形的阻挡效应导致纬向和经向的环流减弱，这两个因素综合导致内陆地区水汽输送的减弱是中亚干旱区范围增加的主要动力学机制。与以往大气模式试验一致，海气耦合试验支持了高原隆升是亚洲内陆水汽输送和降水减少，以及内陆干旱化加剧的重要原因的科学认识。

摘要：背景:澳大利亚维多利亚州。目的:对1991年向国家登记处报告的所有活动性结核病病人调查坐失预防良机的原因并检查与病案管理有关预防方面的情况。设计:属描述性调查。对维多利亚州已于1991年报告的231/236例的病案记录进行回顾。对所有病例的既往结核病筛检、预防性治疗、活动性结核病处置以及随访等项记录进行追索。既往筛检的定义是指既往接触者筛检、移民筛检、难民筛检以及结核病健康检查。结果:231例中13人未确诊有结核病。其余的218人中,78％在国外出生,其中约一半在来澳大利亚3年内被诊断有结核病。在218名病人中约一半(97人)可查到结核病既往筛检的某些记录表格。最常见的筛检类型是难民和移民筛检(45/218,21％)其次是结核病健康检查(25/218,12％)以及接触者筛检(15/218,7％)。在有既往筛检记录者中,70％(68/97)当时的筛检为阳性结果。其中,首次筛检确诊为活动性结核病者为5/68,确诊有结核感染者为63/68。后一组中仅5％(3/63)接受过预防性治疗。结论:维多利亚州存在着明显地坐失预防结核病良机的情况,尤其对入境时接受过筛检的国外出生者更是如此。筛检是一项有意义的做法,并在有医学适应征时应进行预防性治疗。

摘要：背景:英格兰和威尔士,2001—2003。目的:描述报告非英国出生者结核病例的人口统计学及临床特征,并与英国出生者进行比较,为公共卫生措施及卫生服务条款提供信息与参考。设计:分析监测所获数据。结果:67%为非英国出生病例,其结核病发病率为88/10万,而英国出生者则为4/10万。英国出生的少数民族组中,结核病危险性也在增加。虽然最高结核病发病率发生在近期入境英国者中,但是几乎有半数病例已在英国居住5年或5年以上。非英国出生的病例大多来自南亚(48%)及亚撒哈拉非洲(35%)。非英国与英国出生病例人口统计学特点不同。此外,非英国出生病例发生肺结核的几率低于英国出生者(52%:73%,x^2P<0.001),但他们更多见的是异烟肼耐药结核病(8%:6%,x^2P<0.002),因出生地不同而异。结论:2001—2003年间,多数结核病例为非英国出生者。结核病防治部门需考虑到此组结核病的特点。另外,还需认识到入境英国多年的非英国出生者及出生英国的少数民族发生结核病的危险性。

摘要：To optimize the electronic structure of photocatalyst,a facile one‐step approach is developed for the simultaneous realization of Zn‐doping and surface oxygen vacancies(SOVs)formation on SnO_(2).The Zn‐doped SnO_(2)with abundant SOVs exhibits efficient and stable performance for photocatalytic degradation of toluene under both low and high relative *** and theoretical calculations results show that the synergistic effects of Zn‐doping and SOVs on SnO_(2)can considerably boost the charge transfer and separation *** the in situ DRIFTS and theoretical calculations methods,it is revealed that the benzene ring of toluene is opened at benzoic acid on the SnO_(2)surface and selectively at benzaldehyde on the Zn‐doped SnO_(2)*** implies that Zn‐doped SnO_(2)photocatalysts shorten the pathway of toluene degradation,and toxic intermediates can be significantly *** work could provide a promising and sustainable route for safe and efficient removal of aromatic VOCs with photocatalytic technology.