摘要：For years, the management and treatment of male factor infertility has been ‘experience＇ and not ‘evidence＇ based. Although not evidence-based, current clinical practice involves extensive use of assisted reproductive techniques （ART）. Where specific treatments are not indicated or have failed, ART have become popular adjunctive treatments for alleviating male factor infertility. According to the limited evidence available, intrauterine insemination （IUI） may be considered as a first-line treatment in a couple in which the female partner has a normal fertility status and at least 1 × 10^6 progressively motile spermatozoa are recovered after sperm preparation. If no pregnancy is achieved after 3-6 cycles of IUI, optimized in vitro fertilization （IVF） can be proposed. When less than 0.5× 106 progressively motile spermatozoa are obtained after seminal fluid processing or sperm are recovered surgically from the testis or epididymis, intracytoplasmic sperm injection （ICSI） should be performed. Although the outcome of no other ART has ever been scrutinized as much before, no large-scale ‘macroproblems＇ have as yet been observed after ICSI. Yet, ICSI candidates should be rigorously screened before embarking on IVF or ICSI, and thoroughly informed of the limitations of our knowledge on the hereditary aspects of male infertility and the safety aspects of ART.

摘要：Children conceived via assisted reproductive technologies(ART)are nowadays a substantial proportion of the *** is important to follow up these children and evaluate whether they have elevated health risks compared to naturally conceived(NC)*** recent years there has been a lot of work in this *** review will summarize what is known about the health of ART-conceived children,encompassing neonatal outcomes,birth defects,growth and gonadal developments,physical health,neurological and neurodevelopmental outcomes,psychosocial developments,risk for cancer,and epigenetic *** of the children conceived after ART are ***,there is increasing evidence that ART-conceived children are at higher risk of poor perinatal outcome,birth defects,and epigenetic disorders,and the mechanism(s)leading to these changes have not been *** follow-up of children after ART is of great importance as they progress through adolescence into adulthood,and new ART techniques are constantly being introduced.

摘要：To study the impact of the introduction of reimbursement of in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) laboratory costs in Belgium which is linked to an embryo transfer strategy leading to prevention of multiple pregnancies. The impact on the incidence of multiple and twin pregnancy rate as well as on ongoing pregnancy rate in our centre is calculated. Study design: Observational cohort study of all patients in the first year (July 1, 2003- June 30, 2004)- since the implementation of the law and comparison of ongoing pregnancy rate and multiple pregnancy rate of our centre with Belgian data. Results: Our results of one year of IVF/ICSI since reimbursement of laboratory costs show a total conception rate of 42.2% with 29.7% ongoing pregnancies beyond 25 weeks amenorrhea. The multiple pregnancy rate was 8.5% including five monozygotic twin pregnancies. These data show an important decline of multiple pregnancy ratewhen compared to Belgian data (2002) with 24.4% multiple pregnancy rate in the year prior to reimbursement. Conclusion: The introduction of reimbursement of IVF/ICSI laboratory costs coupled to a restriction in the number of embryos for transfer has reached the goal of halving the multiple pregnancy rate since its introduction while maintaining an optimal ongoing pregnancy rate.