摘要：Proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)are considered ideal energy‐conversion devices because of their environmentally friendly nature and high theoretical energy ***,cathodic polarization,which is a result of the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)kinetics,is a significant source of energy loss and reduces fuel cell ***,the need to use Pt in commercial Pt/C cathodes has restricted their large‐scale application in fuel cells because of its high cost and poor ***,improvements in the activity and durability of Pt‐based catalyst are required to reduce the amount of Pt required and,thus,costs,while increasing the ORR rate and fuel cell power density and promoting widespread PEMFC *** recent years,atomically ordered Pt‐based intermetallic nanocrystals have received tremendous attention owing to their excellent activity and stability for the ***,in this review,we first introduce the formation of intermetallic compounds from the perspective of thermodynamics and kinetics to lay a theoretical foundation for the design of these *** addition,optimization strategies for Pt‐based ordered intermetallic catalysts are summarized in terms of the catalyst composition,size,and ***,we conclude with a discussion of the current challenges and future prospects of Pt‐based ordered *** review is designed to help readers gain insights into the recent developments in and rational design of Pt‐based intermetallic nanocrystals for the ORR and encourage research that will enable the commercialization of PEMFCs.

摘要：Working principles of silicon double P-N junction color sensor are introduced and a color measurement system to distinguish tooth color difference is designed in this *** system consists of silicon double P-N junction,a small optical fiber probe,signal process circuit and an MSP430FG439 single-chip *** in size,this system can measure different parts of the tooth in a fast and convenient way with ***,this system will be very promising in building prosthodontics and tooth fabrication.

摘要：Carbon dioxide emissions have increased due to the consumption of fossil fuels,making the neutralization and utilization of CO_(2) a pressing *** a clean and efficient energy conversion process,electrocatalytic reduction can reduce carbon dioxide into a series of alcohols and acidic organic molecules,which can effectively realize the utilization and transformation of carbon *** review focuses on the tuning strategies and structure effects of catalysts for the electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).The tuning strategies for the active sites of catalysts have been reviewed from intrinsic and external *** structure effects for the CO_(2)RR catalysts have also been discussed,such as tandem catalysis,synergistic effects and confinement *** expect that this review about tuning strategies and structure effects can provide guidance for designing highly efficient CO_(2)RR electrocatalysts.

摘要：稀土元素(REEs)作为现代高科技产业发展的关键原材料,在多个前沿领域具有广泛应用.然而,由于稀土元素分布相对分散,其提取往往伴随着环境退化.此外,稀土元素的相似化学性质导致了分离过程中的高能耗和过度污染排放.为了实现稀土的绿色发展和高效资源利用,通过合成生物学技术构建了工程稀土微生物.此外,我们建立了工程稀土微生物合成平台,实现了原位合成高附加值的稀土生物材料,推动了临床转化研究和应用的进展.本文综述了稀土微生物的合理设计、高价值稀土生物材料的合成及其应用.最后,简要讨论了该领域的未来研究和发展前景.

摘要：Significant enhancement of energy density of electrical double layered capacitors is a major challenge for electrochemical capacitors to conquer the emerging field of large scale renewable energy *** enhancement of specific capacitance is an effective strategy to obtain higher energy *** of redox mediator in the electrolyte as pseudocapacitive sources could enhance the specific capacitance,but well-coupled electrode materials should be developed as ***,as a proof-of-concept experiment,N,O-codoped porous carbon nanosheets have been fabricated,wherein graphene oxide is employed as both oxygen source as well as structure directing ***,the obtained electrode materials endow electrical double layered capacitors with excellent capacitive performances,including the ultra-high specific capacitance(5073.5 F g^(-1))and excellent cycling stability,which could be attributed to the synergy of morphology and surface chemistry of N,O-codoped porous carbon *** results would form the basis for an unprecedented perspective in the development of next generation electrode materials for electrical double layered capacitors.

摘要：脊髓损伤(SCI)后如何对中枢神经进行保护性治疗是临床面临的巨大挑战.SCI发生后,在损伤部位会产生大量高毒性的活性醛分子.这类分子会扩大氧化应激范围,加重炎症反应,进而导致严重的继发性损伤.因此,高效清除活性醛分子有望成为治疗继发性脊髓损伤的新策略.本文设计制备了一种侧链上含有酰肼基团的聚多肽(PPAH)材料,它可以通过消除活性醛分子减轻继发性脊髓损伤.实验结果表明,PPAH在体外和体内都显示了清除活性醛的能力,并且能够有效保护神经细胞免受毒性醛分子(如丙烯醛)引起的氧化损伤.在大鼠SCI模型中,PPAH能够有效抑制炎症、保护神经元和抑制脱髓鞘,最终促进SCI大鼠的后肢运动功能恢复.综上,作为一种新型的活性醛分子消除材料,PPAH在治疗SCI方面显示出良好的应用前景.

摘要：Theranostic nanoprobes can potentially integrate imaging and therapeutic capabilities into a single platform,offering a new personalized cancer diagnostic ***,there is a growing concern that their clinical application is not safe,particularly due to metal-containing elements,such as the gadolinium used in magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).We demonstrate for the first time that the photothermal melting of the DNA duplex helix was a reliable and versatile strategy that enables the on-demand degradation of the gadolinium-containing MRI reporter gene from polydopamine(PDA)-based theranostic *** combination of chemotherapy(doxorubicin)and photothermal therapy,which leads to the enhanced anti-tumor *** vivo MRI tracking reveals that renal filtration was able to rapidly clear the free gadolinium-containing MRI reporter from the mice *** results in a decrease in the long-term toxic effect of theranostic MRI *** findings may pave the way to address toxicity issues of the theranostic nanoprobes.

摘要：The design and synthesis of multifunctional nanocarriers for efficient synergistic cancer therapy have drawn great research interests in recent *** this work,a nanoplatform for chemo-photothermal therapy with targeting ligand was *** porous structured silica nanotubes(SNTs)with controllable lengths decorated with CuS nanoparticles(NPs)on the surface as photothermal agents were prepared and further conjugated with lactobionic acid groups as a cancer cell *** with average lengths of 40,55 and 150 nm were obtained and further functionalized as drug *** smallest bifunctional SNTs with targeting groups show good biocompatibility and highest cellular uptake for HepG2 *** release of doxorubicin hydrochloride(DOX)from the SNTs was dependent on the p H of the buffer solution and 808-nm near infrared(NIR)light *** integration of photothermal therapy(PTT)of CuS NPs and chemotherapy of anticancer drug leads to a better tumor inhibition effect than the individual therapy alone in vitro and in *** results demonstrate potential applications of the nanocomposites as vector for efficient chemo-photothermal therapy.

摘要：Aqueous organic flow batteries have attracted dramatic attention for stationary energy storage due to their resource sustainability and low cost. However, the current reported systems can normally be operated stably under a nitrogen or argon atmosphere due to their poor stability. Herein a stable airinsensitive biphenol derivative cathode, 3,30,5,50-tetramethylaminemethylene-4,40-biphenol(TABP), with high solubility(>1.5 mol L^(-1)) and redox potential(0.91 V vs. SHE) is designed and synthesized by a scalable one-step method. Paring with silicotungstic acid(SWO), an SWO/TABP flow battery shows a stable performance of zero capacity decay over 900 cycles under the air atmosphere. Further, an SWO/TABP flow battery manifests a high rate performance with an energy efficiency of 85% at a current density of60 m A cm^(-2) and a very high volumetric capacity of more than 47 Ah L^(-1). This work provides a new and practical option for next-generation practical large-scale energy storage.

摘要：Objective： A new therapeutic strategy using nanocomposite scaffolds of grafted hydroxyapaUte （g-HA）/ poly（lactide-co-glycolide） （PLGA） carried with autologous mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） and bone morphogenetic protein-2 （BMP-2） was assessed for the therapy of critical bone defects. At the same time, tissue response and in vivo mineralization of tissue-engineered implants were investigated. Methods： A composite scaffold of PLGA and g-HA was fabricated by the solvent casting and particulate-leaching method. The tissue-engineered implants were prepared by seeding the scaffolds with autologous bone marrow MSCs in vitro. Then, mineralization and osteogenesis were ob- served by intramuscular implantation, as well as the repair of the critical radius defects in rabbits. Results： After eight weeks post-surgery, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDX） revealed that g-HNPLGA had a better interface of tissue response and higher mineralization than PLGA. Apatite particles were formed and varied both in macropores and micropores of g-HNPLGA. Computer radiographs and histological analysis revealed that there were more and more quickly formed new bone formations and better fusion in the bone defect areas of g-HNPLGA at 2-8 weeks post-surgery. Typical bone synostosis between the implant and bone tissue was found in g-HNPLGA, while only fibrous tissues formed in PLGA. Conclusions： The incorporation of g-HA mainly im- proved mineralization and bone formation compared with PLGA. The application of MSCs can enhance bone for- mation and mineralization in PLGA scaffolds compared with cell-free scaffolds. Furthermore, it can accelerate the absorption of scaffolds compared with composite scaffolds.