摘要：Heterojunction and sandwich architectures are two new-type structures with great potential for solar ***,the heterojunction structure possesses the advantages of efficient charge separation but suffers from band offset and large interface recombination;the sandwich configuration is favorable for transferring carriers but requires complex fabrication ***,we have designed two thin-film polycrystalline solar cells with novel structures：sandwich CIGS and heterojunction perovskite,referring to the advantages of the architectures of sandwich perovskite（standard）and heterojunction CIGS（standard）solar cells,respectively.A reliable simulation software wxAMPS is used to investigate their inherent characteristics with variation of the thickness and doping density of absorber *** results reveal that sandwich CIGS solar cell is able to exhibit an optimized efficiency of 20.7%,which is much higher than the standard heterojunction CIGS structure（18.48%）.The heterojunction perovskite solar cell can be more efficient employing thick and doped perovskite films（16.9%）than these typically utilizing thin and weak-doping/intrinsic perovskite films（9.6%）.This concept of structure modulation proves to be useful and can be applicable for other solar cells.

摘要：Surface plasmon resonance(SPR)of metals may provide a way to improve light absorption and utilization of semiconductors,achieving better solar light conversion and photocatalysis *** study uses the advantages of SPR in metallic Bi and artificial defects to cooperatively enhance the photocatalytic performance of *** catalysts were prepared by partial reduction of BiOI to form Bi@defective BiOI,which showed highly enhanced visible photocatalytic activity for NOx *** effects of reductant quantity on the photocatalytic performance of Bi@defective BiOI were *** as-prepared photocatalyst(Bi/BiOI-2)using 2 mmol of reductant NaBH4 showed the most efficient visible light photocatalytic *** enhanced activity can be ascribed to the synergistic effects of metallic Bi and oxygen *** electrons from the valence band tend to accumulate at vacancy states;therefore,the increased charge density would cause the adsorbed oxygen to transform more easily into superoxide radicals and,further,into hydroxyl *** radicals are the main active species that oxidize NO into final *** SPR effect of elemental Bi enables the improvement of visible light absorption efficiency and the promotion of charge carrier separation,which are crucial factors in boosting *** adsorption and reaction processes on Bi/BiOI-2 were dynamically monitored by in situ infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR).The Bi/BiOI photocatalysis mechanism co-mediated by elemental Bi and oxygen vacancies was proposed based on the analysis of intermediate products and DFT *** present work could provide new insights into the design of high-performance photocatalysts and understanding of the photocatalysis reaction mechanism for air-purification applications.

摘要：Hole transporting layer(HTL) free organometal halide perovskite solar cells have shown great promise in simplifying device architecture,fabrication process and enhancing ***,the simple elimination of the HTL from the standard sandwiched configuration suffers from relatively poor device performance;additionally,the mechanism of the HTL-free perovskite solar cell is still ***,we applied a one-dimensional modeling program wxAMPS to investigate the planar HTL-free perovskite solar cells by adjusting the absorber thickness,doping and the absorber/back contact band *** simulation results reveal the importance of the moderate absorber thickness as well as the p-doping perovskite rather than intrinsic as in sandwich structure to the overall device *** the meanwhile,reducing the mismatching of the absorber/back contact by using higher work function back contact material in replacement of commonly utilized Au electrode is more favorable to improve the device *** optimizing,high performance HTL-free perovskite solar cell with efficiency approaching 17%could be *** study is helpful in providing theoretical guidance for the design of HTL-free perovskite solar cells.

摘要：To optimize the electronic structure of photocatalyst,a facile one‐step approach is developed for the simultaneous realization of Zn‐doping and surface oxygen vacancies(SOVs)formation on SnO_(2).The Zn‐doped SnO_(2)with abundant SOVs exhibits efficient and stable performance for photocatalytic degradation of toluene under both low and high relative *** and theoretical calculations results show that the synergistic effects of Zn‐doping and SOVs on SnO_(2)can considerably boost the charge transfer and separation *** the in situ DRIFTS and theoretical calculations methods,it is revealed that the benzene ring of toluene is opened at benzoic acid on the SnO_(2)surface and selectively at benzaldehyde on the Zn‐doped SnO_(2)*** implies that Zn‐doped SnO_(2)photocatalysts shorten the pathway of toluene degradation,and toxic intermediates can be significantly *** work could provide a promising and sustainable route for safe and efficient removal of aromatic VOCs with photocatalytic technology.

摘要：Charge separation and transformation are some of the key requirements for high-efficiency photocatalysis. The photocatalytic reaction mechanism provides a guideline for the development and commercialization of high-efficiency photocatalysts. In this study, we designed and favorably synthesized BMO@BOC heterojunctions via a facile solvothermal route and applied the heat treatment method for application in high-efficiency photocatalytic NO removal. More importantly, both continuous stream and intermittent stream methods with in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy were applied to intuitively and dynamically investigate the adsorption process and oxidation process of NO removal over the photocatalyst surface. The intermediate products(NO-, NO2-, and NO2) were explicitly detected in both the adsorption process and oxidation process, whilst the final product(NO3-) appeared only in the oxidation process, owing to the separation, migration, and conversion of photoinduced electron-hole pairs.

摘要：Heterostructured photocatalysts provide an effective way to achieve enhanced photocatalytic performances through efficient charge *** both wide-and narrow-band-gap photocatalysts have been widely investigated,the charge separation and transfer mechanism at the contacting interface of the two has not been fully ***,a novel SrTiO3/BiOI(STB)heterostructured photocatalyst was successfully fabricated by using a facile *** heterostructure in the photocatalyst extends the photoabsorption to the visible light range,and thus,high photocatalytic NO removal performance can be achieved under visible light irradiation.A combination of experimental and theoretical evidences indicated that the photogenerated electrons from the BiOI semiconductor can directly transfer to the SrTiO3 surface through a preformed electron delivery *** electron transfer was expected between the SrTiO3 and BiOI surfaces under light irradiation,and leads to efficient ROS generation and thus a high NO conversion ***,in situ diffused reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy revealed that STB can better inhibit the accumulation of the toxic intermediate NO2 and catalyze the NO oxidation more *** work presents a new insight into the mechanism of the interfacial charge separation in heterostructures and provides a simple strategy to promote the photocatalytic technology for efficient and safe air purification.

摘要：受到水合镁离子的高脱溶能垒和不良界面水分解行为的限制,水系镁离子电池通常受制于缓慢的离子传输动力学和严重的阴极溶解.为了克服这些障碍,受细胞膜两亲性结构的启发,我们成功构建了一种由疏水性聚(3,4-乙二氧基噻吩)(PEDOT)和亲水性α-MnO_(2)基底组成的MnO_(2)碳基阴极.结合实验和理论计算结果分析,PEDOT层可以有效提高整体电极的导电性,降低水合Mg^(2+)的脱溶能垒,并抑制阴极溶解,从而提高复合电极的性能.因此,本文所制备的复合电极表现出优越的速率性能(58.4mA hg^(-1),3Ag^(-1))和增强的长期循环稳定性(1000个循环后85.92mA hg^(-1),2Ag^(-1)),优于原始的α-MnO_(2)阴极.这项基于生物启发设计理念的工作将为水合镁离子电池的发展提供创新方向.

摘要：The upcoming fifth-generation(5G)mobile communication with low-latency,high-speed and high-data-capacity[1]can realize innovative services such as remote intelligent medical care,smart cities,Internet of Vehicles,and ultra-high-definition video[2,3].Compared with current mobile communications,5G services require a 5G network with 1000 times the capacity and 10–100 times the data transmission rate[4].5G communication can also realize large-scale connections between people and machines[5].It will be the era of Internet of *** realization of the interconnection of all things is essentially the communication between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna.

摘要：Synchrotron radiation-based micro-Laue technique has showcased great application potentials in materials science study for its unprecedented crystal orientation and lattice strain/stress *** we report the updated progress in the development of the micro-Laue technique on the X-ray test beamline at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation *** far,40μm(h)×50μm(v)X-ray beam spot is routinely obtained,with the convergent angle of 0.2 mrad(h)×0.12 mrad(v).Area scans are conducted on a GH3535 Nibased superalloy base metal and weld joint with the same chemical *** analyzing the tremendous amount of Laue diffraction patterns using in-house developed software packages,the crystal orientation,elastic strain,and defect distributions are mapped and *** a successful proof-of-principle study offers first-hand experience on the further optimization of the design and construction of the scanning micro-Laue facility on the superbend beamline with improved spatial resolution and multiple functions for simultaneous chemical fluorescence mapping and in-situ microstructural evolution *** micro-Laue diffraction beamline at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility will provide a versatile and powerful tool for the orientation and strain/stress mapping combined with phase identification with micron-sized spatial resolution.

摘要：精心设计的异质结光催化剂已经被证明能够有效地促进电荷转移,从而实现特定的迁移路径和长的载流子寿命,这在进一步提高性能方面具有巨大的潜力.然而,传统二元异质结光催化剂的光催化性能仍然受到其较低的载流子分离效率的影响.本文报道了一种通过原位面对面生长直接合成双Ⅱ型SnO_(2)@ZnS-ZHS(ZHS=ZnSn(OH)_(6))三元异质结的策略.基于可靠的实验和理论计算,揭示了双Ⅱ型SnO_(2)@ZnSZHS的载流子动力学提升机制.SnO_(2)的光生空穴(h+)能够分别迁移到ZHS和ZnS的价带,确保了SnO_(2)@ZnS-ZHS可以保持双氧化电位来产生足够的羟基自由基(·OH)参与NO氧化反应.这种独特的双Ⅱ型SnO_(2)@ZnS-ZHS三元结构在光照30 min后对NO去除率高达44.5%,活性分别是ZHS的23.5倍、SnO_(2)的29.7倍和ZnS的15.9倍.光催化活性提升与独特的双Ⅱ型反应机理反映了SnO_(2)@ZnS-ZHS异质结构的优势,本工作有望为三元异质结的设计提供可行的思路.