摘要：Organ-on-a-chip systems have been increasingly recognized as attractive platforms to assess toxicity and to develop new therapeutic ***,current organ-on-a-chip platforms are limited by a“single pot”design,which inevitably requires holistic analysis and limits parallel ***,we developed a digital organ-on-a-chip by combining a microwell array with cellular microspheres,which significantly increased the parallelism over traditional organ-on-a-chip for drug *** to 127 uniform liver cancer microspheres in this digital organ-on-a-chip format served as individual analytical units,allowing for analysis with high consistency and quick *** platform displayed evident anti-cancer efficacy at a concentration of 10μM for sorafenib,and had greater alignment than the“single pot”organ-on-a-chip with a previous in vivo *** addition,this digital organ-on-a-chip demonstrated the treatment efficacy of natural killer cell-derived extracellular vesicles for liver cancer at 50μg/*** successful development of this digital organ-on-a-chip platform provides high-parallelism and a low-variability analytical tool for toxicity assessment and the exploration of new anticancer modalities,thereby accelerating the joint endeavor to combat cancer.

摘要：背景:发展中国家三级转诊医院及其服务社区。目的:确定染有人类免疫缺陷病毒1型(HIV-1)的、经培养证实的肺结核病人的传染性。设计:HIV-1阳性和阴性的肺结核病例的家庭内接触者中结核病发病率和结核菌素皮肤试验阳性率的比较。结果:在255名HIV-1阴性索引病例(index case)的接触者中,2名为HIV-1阳性,在102名HIV-1阳性索引病例的接触者中,14名为HIV-1阳性(让步比[odds ratio,OR,一个事件发生的概率对其不发生的概率之比。译注。]=20.0,95％置信区间(CI)4.4—193),接触者中共诊断结核病21例,其中3例为HIV-1阳性。患结核病的HIV-1阳性索引病例接触者与HIV-1阴性索引病例接触者相比,总的未经校正的OR为1.6(95％CI0.6—4.3)。单独在HIV-1阴性接触者中,OR为1.5(95％CI0.4—4.4)。在该组中,接触者中结核病的最佳预报者是索引病例中的女性(OR=3.4,95％CI1.1—12),与索引病例同睡一床者(OR=2.6,95％CI0.9—1.4),和接触者年龄小于5岁者(OR=3.3,95％CI1.1—9.5),HIV-1阳性接触者比HIV-1阴性接触者更容易发生结核病(OR=4.1,95％CI0.7—17),HIV-1阳性和阴性索引病例的HIV-1阴性接触者的结核素皮肤试验阳性率相同(OR=1.1,95％CI0.7—1.6)。结论:与HIV-1联合的肺结核并不比单独患结核病的传染性强。社区中有了HIV-1。