摘要：Ceramic electrolytes are important in ceramic-liquid hybrid electrolytes(CLHEs),which can effectively solve the interfacial issues between the electrolyte and electrodes in solid-state batteries and provide a highly efficient Li-ion transfer for solid–liquid Li metal *** the ionic transport mechanisms in CLHEs and the corresponding role of ceramic electrolytes is crucial for a rational design ***,the Li-ion transfer in the ceramic electrolytes of CLHEs was confirmed by tracking the 6Li and 7Li substitution behavior through solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance *** ceramic and liquid electrolytes simultaneously participate in Li-ion transport to achieve highly efficient Li-ion transfer in CLHEs.A spontaneous Li-ion exchange was also observed between ceramic and liquid electrolytes,which serves as a bridge that connects the ceramic and liquid electrolytes,thereby greatly strengthening the continuity of Li-ion pathways in CLHEs and improving the kinetics of Li-ion *** importance of an abundant solid–liquid interface for CLHEs was further verified by the enhanced electrochemical performance in LiFePO4/Li and LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2/Li batteries from the generated *** work provides a clear understanding of the Li-ion transport pathway in CLHEs that serves as a basis to build a universal Li-ion transport model of CLHEs.

摘要：Pressing need goes ahead for accessing freshwater in insufficient supply countries and regions,which will become a restrictive factor for human development and *** recent years,solar-driven water evaporation(SDWE)systems have attracted increasing attention for their specialty in no consume conventional energy,pollution-free,and the high purity of fresh *** particular,carbon-based photothermal conversion materials are preferred light-absorbing material for SDWE systems because of their wide range of spectrum absorption and high photothermal conversion efficiency based on superconjugate *** now,many carbon-based SDWE systems have been reported,and various structures emerged and were designed to enhance light absorption,optimize heat management,and improve the efficient water transport *** this review,we attempt to give a comprehensive summary and discussions of structure progress of the carbon-based SDWE systems and their working mechanisms,including carbon nanoparticles systems,single-layer photothermal membrane systems,bi-layer structural photothermal systems,porous carbon-based materials systems,and three dimensional(3D)*** these systems,the latest 3D systems can expand the light path by allowing light to be reflected multiple times in the microcavity to increase the light absorption rate,and its large heat exchange area can prompt more water to evaporate,which makes them the promising application *** hope our review can spark the probing of underlying principles and inspiring design strategies of these carbonbased SDWE systems,and further guide device optimizations,eventually promoting in extensive practical applications in the future.

摘要：Pt based materials are the most efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and methanol oxidation reaction(MOR)in fuel *** the utilization of Pt based materials by modulating their morphologies to expose more active sites is a fundamental objective for the practical application of fuel ***,we report a new class of hierarchically skeletal Pt-Ni nanocrystals(HSNs)with a multi-layered structure,prepared by an inorganic acid-induced solvothermal *** addition of H_(2)SO_(4)to the synthetic protocol provides a critical trigger for the successful growth of Pt-Ni nanocrystals with the desired *** Pt-Ni HSNs synthesized by this method exhibit enhanced mass activity of 1.25 A mgpt−1 at 0.9 V(versus the reversible hydrogen electrode)towards ORR in 0.1-M HClO_(4),which is superior to that of Pt-Ni multi-branched nanocrystals obtained by the same method in the absence of inorganic acid;it is additionally 8.9-fold higher than that of the commercial Pt/C ***,it displays enhanced stability,with only 21.6%mass activity loss after 10,000 cycles(0.6–1.0 V)for ***,the Pt-Ni HSNs show enhanced activity and anti-toxic ability in CO for *** superb activity of the Pt-Ni HSNs for ORR and MOR is fully attributed to an extensively exposed electrochemical surface area and high intrinsic activity,induced by strain effects,provided by the unique hierarchically skeletal alloy *** novel open and hierarchical structure of Pt-Ni alloy provides a promising approach for significant improvements of the activity of Pt based alloy electrocatalysts.

摘要：Coupled with anionic and cationic redox chemistry,Li-rich/excess cathode materials are prospective high-energy-density candidates for the next-generation Li-ion ***,irreversible lattice oxygen loss would exacerbate irreversible transition metal migration,resulting in a drastic voltage decay and capacity ***,a metastable layered Li-excess cathode material,T2-type Li_(0.72)[Li_(0.12)Ni_(0.36)Mn_(0.52)]O_(2),was developed,in which both oxygen stacking arrangement and Li coordination environment fundamentally differ from that in conventional O3-type layered *** means of the reversible Li migration processes and structural evolutions,not only can voltage decay be effectively restrained,but also excellent capacity retention can be achieved upon long-term ***,irreversible/reversible anionic/cationic redox activities have been well assigned and quantified by various in/ex-situ spectroscopic techniques,further clarifying the charge compensation mechanism associated with(de)*** findings of the novel T2 structure with the enhanced anionic redox stability will provide a new scope for the development of high-energy-density Li-rich cathode materials.

摘要：Among all CO2 electroreduction products,methane(CH4)and ethylene(C_(2)H_(4))are two typical and valuable hydrocarbon products which are formed in two different pathways:hydrogenation and dimerization reactions of the same CO *** studies show that the adsorption configurations of CO intermediate determine the reaction pathways towards CH4/C_(2)H_(4).However,it is challenging to experimentally control the CO adsorption configurations at the catalyst surface,and thus the hydrocarbon selectivity is still ***,we seek to synthesize two well-defined copper nanocatalysts with controllable surface *** two model catalysts exhibit a high hydrocarbon selectivity toward either CH4(83%)or C_(2)H_(4)(93%)under identical reduction *** transmission electron microscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy characterizations reveal the low-coordination Cu^(0)sites and local Cu^(0)/Cu^(+)sites of the two catalysts,***-temperature programed desorption,in-situ attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and density functional theory studies unveil that the bridge-adsorbed CO(CO_(B))on the low-coordination Cu^(0)sites is apt to be hydrogenated to CH4,whereas the bridge-adsorbed CO plus linear-adsorbed CO(CO_(B)+CO_(L))on the local Cu^(0)/Cu^(+)sites are apt to be coupled to C_(2)H_(4).Our findings pave a new way to design catalysts with controllable CO adsorption configurations for high hydrocarbon product selectivity.

摘要：Designing and constructing bifunctional electrocatalysts with high efficiency,high stability and low cost for overall water splitting to produce clean hydrogen fuel is attractive but highly *** we constructed puffed quaternary FexCoyNi1-x-yP nanoarrays as bifunctional electrodes for robust overall water *** iron was used as the modulator to manipulate the electron density of NiCoP nanoarray,which could increase the positive charges of metal(Ni and Co)and P *** resultant electronic structure of FexCoyNi1-x-yP was supposed to balance the adsorption and desorption of H and accelerate the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)***,the morphological structure of FexCoyNi1-x-yP was modulated through the kinetically controlled alkaline etching by using the amphoteric features of initial FeCoNi hydroxide *** resultant puffed structure has rich porosity,cavity and defects,which benefit the exposure of more active sites and the transport of mass/*** a result,the cell integrated with the puffed quaternary FexCoyNi1-x-yP nanoarrays as both the cathode and anode only requires the overpotentials of 25 and 230 mV for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and OER at the current density of 10 mA cm^-2 in alkaline media and a cell voltage of 1.48 V to drive the overall water ***,the puffed FexCoyNi1-x-yP demonstrates remarkable durability for continuous electrolysis even at a large current density of 240 mA cm^-2.

摘要：高熵合金近年来在电催化领域广受关注.由于其四大“核心效应”,即高熵效应、晶格畸变效应、迟滞扩散效应和鸡尾酒效应,高熵合金在诸多电催化反应中展现出了优异的活性和选择性.然而在已报道的文献综述中,有关其优异性能的理解以及合理设计的系统性总结仍然具有局限性.本文不仅综述了高熵合金电催化剂的特点和设计准则,还对其应用的最新进展进行了系统性的归纳整理,对高熵合金未来的发展具有指导意义.首先我们从多个角度阐明了高熵合金作为一种优异电催化剂的原因,包括其出色的机械性能、可优化的结构和组成、大量具有高本征活性的活性位点,以及出色的稳定性.为了进一步深入对高熵合金电催化剂的理解,我们还从设计准则、元素选择,以及理论计算预测材料性质等角度,详细介绍了高熵合金的合理设计.随后,我们介绍了高熵合金电催化剂在电解水、有机小分子氧化、燃料电池和碳/氮基转化反应的最新研究进展,其中还包括了一系列理论计算和原位表征在理解催化反应机理方面的应用.最后,我们展望了高熵合金电催化剂在未来发展中面临的挑战和机遇.