摘要：During the operation of the rice combine harvester,the fuselage tilts due to the tilt and unevenness of the ground affect its maneuverability and operational *** at the problem of leveling due to the tilt of the field surface,this research developed an innovative dual-parallelogram chassis lifting mechanism for rice harvesters designed a hydraulic system to adjust the chassis height by extending the *** Adams simulation software,a detailed model of the lifting chassis was constructed to analyze its performance,revealing a direct correlation between the hydraulic cylinder extension and chassis ***,the mechanism could achieve leveling on slopes with inclination angles of up to 7.5°.Comprehensive evaluations of the liftable chassis system were conducted under both static and dynamic *** the static tests,the system exhibited the capacity for comprehensive or unilateral auto-leveling contingent upon the tilt,with leveling times and angular variations confined to 3.6 s and±0.4°,*** dynamic tests conducted on sloped fields and paddy soils,the system reduced post-leveling mean tilt angles and standard deviations remained below 1.2°and 0.6°,*** results demonstrated a substantial improvement in the stability and reliability of the chassis during *** research provides valuable insights into the design and optimization of automatic leveling mechanisms and structural innovations for harvester chassis.

摘要：Several methods of interval mapping of QTLs underlying endosperm traits based on random hybridization designs and the triploid genetic model are proposed. The basic idea is: plants (or lines) from a population with known marker genotype information are randomly hybridized to generate a population of hybrid lines for endosperm QTL mapping; a mixture of seeds of each hybrid line is measured for the en- dosperm trait to get the mean of the line; then en- dosperm QTL mapping and effect estimation is per- formed using the endosperm trait means of hybrid lines and the marker genotype information of parental plants (or lines). The feasibility and efficiency of the methods are examined by computer simulations. Results show that the methods can precisely map endosperm QTLs and unbiasedly and efficiently es- timate the three effects (additive effect, first dominant effect, second dominant effect) of endosperm QTLs.

摘要：Based on the similarities in the conformation of VS008（N-（4-methylphenyl）-3-（tert-butyl）-1-（phenylmethyl）-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide） and BYIO6830（N＇-（3,5-dimethylbenzoyl）-N＇-tert-butyl-5-methyl-2,3-dihydro-l,4-benzodioxine-6-carbohydrazide） bound to the active site of the EcR subunit of the ecdysone receptor（EcR）-ultraspiracle protein（USP） heterodimeric receptor,a series of new pyrazole amide derivatives were designed and *** structures were confirmed by IR,~1H NMR,^（13）C NMR and elemental *** from a preliminary bioassay revealed that two of the pyrazole derivatives exhibited promising insecticidal ***,compounds 6e and 6i exhibited good activity against Helicoverpa armigera（cotton bollworm） at low *** displayed by tebufenozide-treated *** were identical with those displayed by its treated counterpart.6i showed the same poisoning symptoms as those of *** addition,results from molecular docking result indicated that the binding modes of 6e and 6i at the active site of the EcR subunit of the heterodimeric receptor were similar to that of the bound tebufenozide.

摘要：The development and characteristic of agricultural sustainability indicators system （Sis）, at home and abroad, was reviewed. It was pointed out that the existing domestic methods of sustainability evaluation can not be accepted by foreign scholars, and their scientific basis is inadequate. The experience and shortcomings of the previous studies on the indicators selection and evaluation methods were analyzed, also with the significance for practice. Finally, a new SIs for agriculture development evaluation was proposed, together with the corresponding calculation and evaluation methods. The farmer development index indicator was proposed to embody the viewpoint that the development of people is the ultimate aim; the dynamic weight calculation method was designed to reflect the various significance of the different indicators when their values were changing; and new indicators integrate methods were also explored.

摘要：Drought can greatly impact the biodiversity of an ecosystem and play a crucial role in regulating its ***,the specific mechanisms by which drought mediate the biodiversity effect(BE)on community biomass in above-and belowground through functional traits remain poorly ***,we conducted a common garden experiment in a greenhouse,which included two plant species richness levels and two water addition levels,to analyze the effects of biodiversity on aboveground biomass(AGB),belowground biomass(BGB)and total biomass(TB),and to quantify the relationship between BEs and functional traits under drought *** analysis focused on partitioning BEs into above-and belowground complementarity effect(CE)and selection effect(SE)at the species level,which allowed us to better understand the impacts of biodiversity on community biomass and the underlying *** results showed that plant species richness stimulated AGB,BGB and TB through *** decreased AGB,BGB and TB,*** addition,the aboveground CE was positively associated with the variation in plant *** in above-and belowground were negatively correlated with the community mean plant height and root length,***,drought weakened the aboveground CE by decreasing variation in plant height,resulting in a reduction in AGB and *** findings demonstrate that the complementarity of species is an important regulator of community biomass in above-and belowground,the dynamics of biomass under environmental stress are associated with the response of sensitive compartments.

摘要：Tillage practices can potentially affect soil organic carbon （SOC） accumulation in agricultural soils. A 4-year experiment was conducted to identify the influence of tillage practices on SOC sequestration in a double-cropped rice （Oryza sativa L.） field in Hunan Province of China. Three tillage treatments, no-till （NT）, conventional plow tillage （PT）, and rotary tillage （RT）, were laid in a randomized complete block design. Concentrations of SOC and bulk density （BD） of the 0-80 cm soil layer were measured, and SOC stocks of the 0-20 and 0-80 cm soil layers were calculated on an equivalent soil mass （ESM） basis and fixed depth （FD） basis. Soil carbon budget （SCB） under different tillage systems were assessed on the basis of emissions of methane （CH4） and CO2 and the amount of carbon （C） removed by the rice harvest. After four years of experiment, the NT treatment sequestrated more SOC than the other treatments. The SOC stocks in the 0-80 cm layer under NT （on an ESM basis） was as high as 129.32 Mg C ha-1, significantly higher than those under PT and RT （P 〈 0.05）. The order of SOC stocks in the 0-80 cm soil layer was NT 〉 PT 〉 RT, and the same order was observed for SCB; however, in the 0-20 cm soil layer, the RT treatment had a higher SOC stock than the PT treatment. Therefore, when comparing SOC stocks, only considering the top 20 cm of soil would lead to an incomplete evaluation for the tillage-induced effects on SOC stocks and SOC sequestrated in the subsoil layers should also be taken into consideration. The estimation of SOC stocks using the ESM instead of FD method would better reflect the actual changes in SOC stocks in the paddy filed, as the FD method amplified the tillage effects on SOC stocks. This study also indicated that NT plus straw retention on the soil surface was a viable option to increase SOC stocks in paddy soils.

摘要：In order to obtain accurate real-time soil moisture data and the spatial distribution of soil moisture,the soil moisture measurement methods based on high-frequency capacitance edge field effect were analyzed,the structure of probe was studied,and a multi-channel soil moisture sensor was ***,with the established two-dimensional trace planar capacitance probe model and the method of the finite element analysis,relationship between the structure of sensor probe and electric field intensity was studied and capacitance of the probe trace amount planar capacitance model was analyzed,the most optimal structure of sensor probe was *** parameters of the probe which can achieve optimal sensitivity and detection range are:outer diameter 40 mm and inner diameter 38.4 mm for the probe copper ring electrode,axial length 20 mm and axial spacing 10 *** sensor is suitable for measuring the moisture of different type of ***,the features of the profile soil moisture sensor were experimentally *** measurement accuracy reached±1.31%with better stability and *** probes can be assembled according to the measurement depth and used to measure soil moisture of different crop root zone.

摘要：Soil shear strength is an important indicator of engineering design and an essential parameter of soil precision tillage and agricultural machinery and equipment design. Although numerous studies have investigated the characteristics of different soil shear strengths, only a few of these works have paid attention to soils containing considerable quantities of rock fragments. To date, most studies on the effects of rock fragments on the shear strength have paid attention to the role of rock fragments with sizes 〉2 mm. The effects of rock fragments 〈2 mm in soil are generally ignored. Similar to rock fragments 〉2 ram, the presence of rock fragments 〈2 mm could also change the mechanical properties of soils. Thus, in the present study we evaluated the potential influence of 〈2 mm rock fragments on soil shear strength via an unconsolidated undrained （UU） triaxial compression test. Our results were as follows： （1） A certain quantity of 〈2 mm rock fragments presented in purple soils developed from clay rocks; and an appropriate quantity of 〈2 mm rock fragments could improve the shear strength of soils. （2） The different PSDs of soils containin 〈2 mm rock fragment mainly caused variations in the internal friction angle of soils. （3） The shear strengths of the two mudstone-developed red-brown and gray-brown purple soils was more sensitive to water than that of the shale-developed coarse-dark purple soil. As the soil water content increased from 9% to 23%, the changes in the cohesion, internal friction angle, shear strength, and the maximum principal stress difference were smaller in the coarse dark purple soil than in the two other soils. We therefore concluded that 〈2 mm rock fragments in purple soils exerted important effects on soil shear strength. A better understanding of the differences among the shear strength features of purple soils could help improve the design of agricultural machinery and equipment.

摘要：The band conveyer driven by linear friction is a new device. It can reduce drivesize and conveyor belt tensity, and increase delivery capacity. It has feasibility and usability particularly in altering the original conveyer and solving the problems of capacity insufficiency. The technology has brought certain difficulty for engineers, because it has certaindifficulty both in theory and in calculation. Therefore, Visual Basic 6.0 programming technology was used to develop a set of 'the design system of the band conveyer driven bylinear friction.' After being proved in the field, it can completely meet the demands of thedesign. This paper introduced its main theory or basis in design, so as to provide relatedtechnical support to this kind of project.

摘要：By pairing two fluoropho res according to their optical prope rties such as absorption spectral overlap and absorptivity,fluorescent quantum yield and emission spectral separation,a bifunctional fluorescent probe,TQBF-NBD,was rationally designed and synthesized to discriminatively sense Hcy/Cys and GSH with good selectivity and *** is noted that this probe could work under a single-wave length excitation and displayed a mega-large Stokes ***-NBD reacted with Hcy/Cys to give a mixed green-red fluorescence and displayed a red fluorescence upon the treatment with *** imaging of intracellular Hcy/Cys from GSH with the help of TQBF-NBD was realized in living cells and zebrafish.