摘要：尽管广泛的研究证明了许多干旱应答的基因授与干旱忍耐到植物，能力在各种各样的自然条件下面由不同基因授与的干旱忍耐的比较很少有报导。我们评估了并且比较 transgenes，干旱应答的基因(AtDREB1B 和 AtCBL1 ) 和根的二个集合的效果调整建筑学的基因(iaaM 和 AtCKX ) ，在在 Nicotiana tabacum 的干旱忍耐上，植物使遭到了到不同条件。根特定的倡导者 PYK10 驾驶的 AtCKX3 的表示(此后指定了为 P10；P10 : AtCKX3 ) ， 35S:AtCKX3，或 P10:iaaM 支持了根生长和开发。比作怀有 P10 的植物: 展出的 AtCKX3， 35S:AtCKX3， P10:iaaM，或空向量，那些带的 35S:AtDREB1B， 35S:AtCBL1，或 35S:iaaM 在控制实验室的条件下面增加了干旱忍耐。相反地，在地里，条件，与 35S:AtDREB1 转变的植物， 35S:AtCBL1，或 35S:iaaM 对干旱应力敏感。在地条件下面，干旱应力戏剧性地减少了生长和而它在带 P10 的植物上有小效果，怀有 35S:AtDREB1B， 35S:AtCBL1， 35S:iaaM，或空向量的植物的种子生产: AtCKX3， 35S:AtCKX3，或 P10:iaaM。这研究证明到有环境条件的干旱压力变化的植物忍耐，和我们的结果显示操作控制根建筑学的基因的表示可能为处于自然条件与改进干旱忍耐设计植物是重要的。

摘要：Tillage practices can potentially afect soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation in agricultural soils. A 4-year experiment was conducted to identify the influence of tillage practices on SOC sequestration in a double-cropped rice (Oryza sativa L.) field in Hunan Province of China. Three tillage treatments, no-till (NT), conventional plow tillage(PT), and rotary tillage(RT), were laid in a randomized complete block design. Concentrations of SOC and bulk density(BD) of the 0-80 cm soil layer were measured, and SOC stocks of the 0-20 and 0-80 cm soil layers were calculated on an equivalent soil mass(ESM) basis and fixed depth (FD) *** carbon budget(SCB) under diferent tillage systems were assessed on the basis of emissions of methane(CH4) and CO2 and the amount of carbon (C) removed by the rice harvest. After four years of experiment, the NT treatment sequestrated more SOC than the other treatments. The SOC stocks in the 0-80 cm layer under NT (on an ESM basis) was as high as 129.32 Mg C ha 1,significantly higher than those under PT and RT (P PT > RT,and the same order was observed for SCB; however, in the 0-20 cm soil layer, the RT treatment had a higher SOC stock than the PT treatment. Therefore, when comparing SOC stocks, only considering the top 20 cm of soil would lead to an incomplete evaluation for the tillage-induced efects on SOC stocks and SOC sequestrated in the subsoil layers should also be taken into consideration. The estimation of SOC stocks using the ESM instead of FD method would better reflect the actual changes in SOC stocks in the paddy filed, as the FD method amplified the tillage efects on SOC stocks. This study also indicated that NT plus straw retention on the soil surface was a viable option to increase SOC stocks in paddy soils.

摘要：With the development in spinning technology, the improvement of cotton fiber quality is becoming more and more important. The main objective of this research was to construct a high-density genetic linkage map to facilitate marker assisted selection for fiber quality traits in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). A genetic linkage map comprising 421 loci and covering 3814.3 cM, accounting for approximately 73.35% of the cotton genome, was constructed using an F2 population derived from cross GX1135 (P 1 )×GX100-2 (P 2 ). Forty-four of 49 linkage groups were assigned to the 26 chromosomes. Fiber quality traits were investigated in F2 population sampled from individuals, and in F2:3 , and F2:4 generations sampled by lines from two sites and one respectively, and each followed a randomized complete block design with two replications. Thirty-nine quantitative trait loci were detected for five fiber quality traits with data from single environments (separate analysis each): 12 for fiber length, five for fiber uniformity, nine for fiber strength, seven for fiber elongation, and six for fiber micronaire, whereas 15 QTLs were found in combined analysis (data from means of different environments in F2:3 generation). Among these QTLs, qFL-chr5-2 and qFL-chr14-2 for fiber length were detected simultaneously in three generations (four environments) and verified further by combined analysis, and these QTLs should be useful for marker assisted selection to improve fiber quality in upland cotton.

摘要：In recent years,the damage caused by soil nematodes has become increasingly serious;however,the varieties and structures of the nematicides available on the market are ***,a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor(SDHI)fungicide developed by Bayer AG in Germany,has been widely used in the prevention and control of soil nematodes due to its high efficiency and novel mechanism of *** this paper,two series of novel target compounds were designed and synthesized with nematicidal and fungicidal fluopyram as the molecular skeleton in order to introduce sulfide and sulfone *** structures were identified and characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),13C NMR,and high-resolution mass spectrometer(HRMS).The bioassays revealed that most of the compounds showed excellent nematicidal activities at 200 lg
mL-1 in comparison with fluopyram,while the nematode mortality rate dropped sharply at 100μg·mL-1,except for compounds I-11 and *** terms of fungicidal activity,compound I-9 was discovered to have an excellent inhibitory rate,and a molecular docking simulation was performed that can provide important guidance for the design and exploration of efficient fungicidal lead compounds.

摘要：燃烧秸秆和过量使用化肥导致大量生物质能源浪费,进而削弱了农业生态系统固碳能力.为了保证农田生态系统的固碳潜力和粮食产量,本研究组在中国东部温带农村设计了一个生态农场,将玉米秸秆粉碎后饲养肉牛,然后将牛粪腐熟后施入冬小麦-夏玉米轮作农田中.设计了4种不同的有机肥和无机肥配施比例:100%有机肥、100%化肥、75%有机肥+25%化肥以及50%有机肥+50%化肥.根据政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)2006年的方法,计算了温室气体排放量.结果表明,用有机肥替代化肥可显著减少温带农田温室气体排放量.与此同时,施用有机肥还增加了土壤肥力,进而提高了小麦和玉米产量.有机肥全部替代化肥后,农田变为典型的碳库;而全部施用化肥,农田则为典型碳源.该研究可为提高农业生态系统应对气候变化提供科学依据.

摘要：Large amount of pre-plant nitrogen (N) fertilizer results in low N use efficiency due to poor synchrony between soil N supply and maize N demand, especially during N sensitive growth stages. The objectives of the study were to compare growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) under conventional and site-specific N management in a dryland farming system. The study, which was designed as randomized complete block design was conducted over three site-years under continuous maize cropping system in the semi-arid regions of the Limpopo Province in South Africa. Treatments of the study consisted of three N management strategies on a maize field planted to drought resistant SNK 2147 hybrid maize cultivar. Treatments were: (i) no N application (N0), (ii) site-specific N at variable rates ranging between 18 kg N/ha and 33 kg N/ha based on soil analysis results (N1) and (iii) conventional and uniform N application broadcasted during planting at 58 kg N/ha (N2). Sufficiency index as indication of N deficiency was determined using CCM-200 on maize leaves based on leaf numbers during maize vegetative growth stages V6, V10 and V14, and thereafter N was applied only when needed. The highest maize grain yield of 5.2 Mg/ha for N1 was significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) than 3.2 Mg/ha and 4.0 Mg/ha of N0 and N2 in site-year I, respectively. Maize grain yield of 2.2 Mg/ha (N1) at site-year II was significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) than 1.7 Mg/ha of the N0. The maize growth and yield under N2 and N1 was compared, N1 required between 43% and 69% lesser N fertilizer as compared to N2 over site-years, and resulted in higher maize height, number of leaves per plant, leaf length, and leaf area than that of conventional N management strategy. Therefore, site-specific N management strategy sustains and improves growth and yield of maize using minimal N fertilizer as compared to conventional approach in low fertility soils of semi-arid regions in dryland farming systems. In examining the results of thi