摘要：Architects welcome double skin facade(DSF)due to its aesthetic *** first DSF structure was intended to prevent cold weather and strong ***,the application of DSF under different climates has been investigated in many previous ***,little work had been done on the behaviour of DSF in hot and humid ***,this paper aimed to extend the application into this specific climate and Guangzhou was selected as the sample *** the climate and the design influence the performance of *** this paper,rather than explore how each design parameter influences the performance,the design was evaluated from an overall *** Designbuilder software was used to build the single skin facade(SSF)and double skin facade base *** HVAC energy consumption for both the two models was calculated and *** optimisation process was conducted to figure out what kinds of parameter combination could make the design more energy-saving and thermally *** results indicated that it was possible to design an energy-saving DSF system applied in hot and humid climates compared with the SSF *** efficiency of the DSF could be further enhanced with a better parameter *** optimised options had some features in common,which could provide some inspirations for the application of DSF in hot and humid climates.

摘要：目的：确定建筑容积率、建筑密度和建筑层数之间的关系,并将其作为主要的规划指标,研究其对室外风环境的影响。创新点：在以高层、高密度为特点的城市建设中,一个地块的用地规划指标可直接影响居住区的室外物理环境质量。一个高层建筑群的规划设计不应该只关注建筑物,还应考虑室外物理环境的品质。本研究从室外风环境角度出发,对13种＂容积率-建筑密度-建筑层数＂指标组合形成的高层建筑群布局进行对比,从而得到可直接服务于城市建设项目的规划策略。方法：1.通过确定建筑容积率、建筑密度和建筑层数之间的关系,建立三维高层建筑群布局模型,列出19种可能的指标组合（图2）;2.通过日照模拟分析工具Tarch和建筑消防间距计算筛选出13种符合当前规划要求的指标组合;3.运用风环境模拟软件Phoenics,对13种指标组合形成的高层建筑群布局进行风环境模拟运算;利用图形分析软件Photoshop CS,计算出舒适风面积比值,并进行相互对比（图3和4）;4.根据土建造价对不同建筑群布局的总造价进行对比（图6）。结论：在规划设计中,通常认为较低的容积率和较低的建筑高度意味着建筑体量较小,室外物理环境会更好。但是,本研究发现建筑层数越多、建筑高度越高,行人高度的室外舒适风区面积越大。不过,建筑层数从25层升到30层,舒适风区面积增加有限。加之考虑层数越高导致造价越高的因素,当面对容积率为2.0~4.0的高层地块时,不能简单地认为建筑层数最高的规划方案就是最好的方案。

摘要：With the development in photocatalysis field,photocatalysts have received increasing attention due to their important role in environmental pollution and energy *** a nonmetallic photocatalyst,graphitic carbon nitride(g-C3N4)has been widely recognized because of its excellent optical properties,low cost,and environment *** the g-C3N4 intrinsic frameworks,carbon atom tends to be the reducing active site,while nitrogen atom tends to be the oxidizing active site and reducing active site according to the difference of ***,the quantity and quality of these active sites are affected by many factors,including C N covalent bonds,surface properties,*** sites play an important role in photocatalysis;however,this role is not detailed in most *** this review,we proposed the following possible mechanisms of active sites in improving the photocatalytic activity of traditional g-C_(3)N_(4) based on its intrinsic:morphology regulation,carrier migration,surface active treatment,and substrate *** following factors affecting the active sites of g-C_(3)N_(4),including basal engineering and hybrid engineering,were also *** roles of these active sites in improving the photocatalytic activity of g-C_(3)N_(4)-based photocatalytic materials,including morphology regulation,surface treatment,heteroatom doping,and interfacial interaction,were also *** challenges and future development of g-C_(3)N_(4)-based photocatalysts that are rich in active surface sites were also *** review provides an in-depth understanding of g-C_(3)N_(4)-based photocatalysts.

摘要：Although CO_(2)photoreduction is a promising method for solar‐to‐fuel conversion,it suffers from low charge transfer efficiency of the *** improve the CO_(2)photoreduction performance,introduction of electron‐accumulated materials on the photocatalyst surface is considered an effective *** this study,the Bi_(19)S_(27)Br_(3)/BiOBr composites were designed and *** Bi19S27Br3 nanorod in this photocatalytic system acts as an electron‐accumulated active site for extracting the photogenerated electrons on the BiOBr surface and for effectively activating the CO2 *** a result,Bi_(19)S_(27)Br_(3)/BiOBr composites exhibit the higher charge carrier transfer efficiency and further improves the CO_(2)photoreduction performance relative to that of pure Bi_(19)S_(27)Br_(3)and *** rate of CO formation using Bi_(19)S_(27)Br_(3)/BiOBr‐5 is about 8.74 and 2.40 times that using Bi_(19)S_(27)Br_(3)and BiOBr,*** work provides new insights for the application of Bi_(19)S_(27)Br_(3)as an electron‐accumulating site for achieving high photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance in the future.

摘要：The inner flow field of a biogas plant can be optimized by agitating the feedstock to be evenly distributed for a rising biogas production rate. A hydraulic agitator can be installed in the digester with outlets far above the bottom. Hydraulic mixing is essential in a solid-liquid two-phase flow process, in which large solid particles can be found at the initial stage and turn to being high-concentration viscous liquid （non-Newtonian fluid）. A 0.75 m3 digester was taken as a case study with CFD （computational fluid dynamics） software. The basic pattern was simulated by using water as the medium and the pattern of pseudo plastic fluid state was simulated by the Euler-Euler Model, then the effect of optimized design with bottom inflow and high dispersed outlets could be verified. Viewed from the mixing effects, the velocity of 0.6 m/s is better than l m/s for water medium, while 1 m/s better than 0.6 m/s for pseudo plastic fluid medium.

摘要：Heterostructured photocatalysts provide an effective way to achieve enhanced photocatalytic performances through efficient charge *** both wide-and narrow-band-gap photocatalysts have been widely investigated,the charge separation and transfer mechanism at the contacting interface of the two has not been fully ***,a novel SrTiO3/BiOI(STB)heterostructured photocatalyst was successfully fabricated by using a facile *** heterostructure in the photocatalyst extends the photoabsorption to the visible light range,and thus,high photocatalytic NO removal performance can be achieved under visible light irradiation.A combination of experimental and theoretical evidences indicated that the photogenerated electrons from the BiOI semiconductor can directly transfer to the SrTiO3 surface through a preformed electron delivery *** electron transfer was expected between the SrTiO3 and BiOI surfaces under light irradiation,and leads to efficient ROS generation and thus a high NO conversion ***,in situ diffused reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy revealed that STB can better inhibit the accumulation of the toxic intermediate NO2 and catalyze the NO oxidation more *** work presents a new insight into the mechanism of the interfacial charge separation in heterostructures and provides a simple strategy to promote the photocatalytic technology for efficient and safe air purification.

摘要：为解决现有研究中评价体系缺乏生态学理论支撑,缺乏针对场地设计尺度的水景观综合绩效评估,在框架或指标的选取上完整性、典型性和可获得性不足等问题,充分梳理景观绩效评价的4种体系,探讨水生态系统服务的相关理论,识别水生态系统服务类别及要素,阐明水生态系统服务与景观绩效评价的逻辑关系。以水生态系统服务理论为理论依据,结合国际景观绩效相关评价体系及指标,构建一套兼具科学性与可操作性的水景观综合绩效评价指标体系,共包含5类项目层、10类准则层和28个指标项。研究结果可为水景观设计师优化设计策略提供科学依据。

摘要：Cadmium sulfide(Cd S)-based photocatalysts have attracted extensive attention owing to their strong visible light absorption,suitable band energy levels,and excellent electronic charge transportation *** review focuses on the recent progress related to the design,modification,and construction of Cd S-based photocatalysts with excellent photocatalytic H2 evolution ***,the basic concepts and mechanisms of photocatalytic H2 evolution are briefly ***,the fundamental properties,important advancements,and bottlenecks of Cd S in photocatalytic H2 generation are presented in detail to provide an overview of the potential of this ***,various modification strategies adopted for Cd S-based photocatalysts to yield solar H2 are discussed,among which the effective approaches aim at generating more charge carriers,promoting efficient charge separation,boosting interfacial charge transfer,accelerating charge utilization,and suppressing charge-induced *** critical factors governing the performance of the photocatalyst and the feasibility of each modification strategy toward shaping future research directions are comprehensively discussed with ***,the prospects and challenges encountered in developing nanostructured Cd S and Cd S-based nanocomposites in photocatalytic H2 evolution are presented.

摘要：铁电材料的力电耦合特性以及在纳米尺度的快速失效导致其剪切过程很难研究,而材料的脆性也限制了这些材料在铁电器件中的潜在应用.在这项工作中,我们使用分子动力学方法模拟了剪切和畴演变的动态过程,揭示了这些畴结构如何影响材料的力电性能.在原子尺度上,一个明显的极化旋涡状的畴结构出现在剪切带的尖端,两侧分别有180°和90°的畴壁.由应变梯度引起的挠曲电效应导致了这些复杂的畴结构.施加外部电场阻碍畴的翻转,并通过减少积累的能量减少了失配应变区域,加速了剪切过程.结果表明极化旋涡畴阻碍了剪切破坏过程,这启示我们可以通过设计畴结构来增韧铁电材料.

摘要：The development of low-cost semiconductor photocatalysts for highly efficient and durable photocatalytic H2 evolution under visible light is very *** this study,we combine low-cost metallic Ni3C cocatalysts with twin nanocrystal Zn0.5Cd0.5S(ZCS)solid solution homojunctions for an efficient visible-light-driven H2 production by a simple ***-synthesized Zn0.5Cd0.5S-1%Ni3C(ZCS-1)heterojunction/homojunction nanohybrid exhibited the highest photocatalytic H2-evolution rate of 783μmol h‒1 under visible light,which is 2.88 times higher than that of pristine twin nanocrystal ZCS solid *** apparent quantum efficiencies of ZCS and ZCS-1 are measured to be 6.13%and 19.25%at 420 nm,***,the homojunctions between the zinc blende and wurtzite segments in twin nanocrystal ZCS solid solution can significantly improve the light absorption and separation of photogenerated electron-hole ***,the heterojunction between ZCS and metallic Ni3C NP cocatalysts can efficiently trap excited electrons from ZCS solid solution and enhance the H2-evolution kinetics at the surface for improving catalytic *** study demonstrates a unique one-step strategy for constructing heterojunction/homojunction hybrid nanostructures for a more efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution compared to other noble metal photocatalytic systems.