摘要：受到水合镁离子的高脱溶能垒和不良界面水分解行为的限制,水系镁离子电池通常受制于缓慢的离子传输动力学和严重的阴极溶解.为了克服这些障碍,受细胞膜两亲性结构的启发,我们成功构建了一种由疏水性聚(3,4-乙二氧基噻吩)(PEDOT)和亲水性α-MnO_(2)基底组成的MnO_(2)碳基阴极.结合实验和理论计算结果分析,PEDOT层可以有效提高整体电极的导电性,降低水合Mg^(2+)的脱溶能垒,并抑制阴极溶解,从而提高复合电极的性能.因此,本文所制备的复合电极表现出优越的速率性能(58.4mA hg^(-1),3Ag^(-1))和增强的长期循环稳定性(1000个循环后85.92mA hg^(-1),2Ag^(-1)),优于原始的α-MnO_(2)阴极.这项基于生物启发设计理念的工作将为水合镁离子电池的发展提供创新方向.

摘要：Aiming at the issue of yaw and rollover stability control for off-road vehicles with non-pneumatic mechanical elastic wheel(MEW),an integrated control system based on fuzzy differential braking is *** simplifying the structure of the MEW,a corresponding fitting brush tire model is constructed and its longitudinal and lateral tire force expressions are set up,***,a nonlinear vehicle simulation model with MEW is established to validate the proposed control scheme based on *** designed yaw and rollover control system is a two-level structure with the upper additional moment controller,which utilizes a predictive load transfer ratio(PLTR)as the rollover *** order to design the upper integrated control algorithm,fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative(PID)is adopted to coordinate the yaw and rollover control,*** the lower control allocator realizes the additional moment to the vehicle by differential ***,a Carsim-simulink co-simulation model is constructed,and simulation results show that the integrated control system could improve the vehicle yaw and roll stability,and prevent rollover happening.

摘要：To improve the comfortability and safety of aircraft,the demand of rectangular submerged inlets(RSIs)with low resistance is proposed to increase the inlet flow rate of ram air. A theoretical model is built to numerically analyze the effects of geometric parameters on the inlet mass flow rate of RSIs. The geometric parameters in question here encompass the aspect ratio of 2—4,the ramp angle of 6°—7°,the characteristic parameter of the throat of 0.20 —0.30,the ramp length of 939—1 337 mm,and the cone angle of 0° —3°. Simulation results demonstrate that the mass flow rate(MFR)is positively correlated with the aspect ratio,ramp angle,ramp length,and cone angle,and negatively correlated with characteristic parameter of the throat. Within the range of the geometric parameters considered,the RSI with the aspect ratio of 3,the ramp angle of 6°,the characteristic parameter of the throat of 0.20,the ramp length of 1 337 mm,and the cone angle of 3° obtains the largest MFR value of about 2.251 kg/s.

摘要：钾离子电池(PIBs)面临的一个关键问题是设计具有先进结构的负极材料,以实现快速电荷传输以提高钾的存储性能.采用碳二亚胺铁(FeNCN)作为阳极,由于其含有一定数量的共价键且在分子水平上具有稳定的结构,使得储钾系统能够实现优异的电化学性能.FeNCN阳极具有高导电性,带隙接近0 eV,并且由于其共价键结构具有良好的结构稳定性.此外,无定形反应产物也为离子扩散提供了多种途径.因此,FeNCN阳极表现出高可逆比容量(在50 mA g^(-1)电流密度下具有600 mA h g^(-1)比容量),显著的倍率性能和长寿命循环(电流密度为500 mA g^(-1)时拥有400 mA h g^(-1)比容量且超过300次循环).通过理论模拟、X射线原位衍射分析和X射线光电子能谱分析揭示了Fe^(2+)和K^(+)之间的转化反应机理.此外,将FeNCN负极与苝-3,4,9,10-四羧酸二酐正极材料匹配,组装成的全电池在198.6 Wkg^(-1)的功率密度下实现了184.7 W h kg^(-1)的超高能量密度,明显高于以往所有铁基负极的PIBs或钾离子混合电容器.