摘要：The electrolysis of water powered by renewable energy sources offers a promising method of"green hydrogen"production,which is considered to be at the heart of future carbon-neutral energy *** the past decades,researchers have reported a number of hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)electrocatalysts with activity comparable to that of commercial Pt/C,but most of them are tested within a small current density range,typically no more than 500 mA cm^(-2).To realize the industrial application of hydrogen production from water electrolysis,it is essential to develop high-efficiency HER electrocatalysts at high current density(HCD≥500 mA cm^(-2)).Nevertheless,it remains challenging and significant to rational design HCD electrocatalysts for *** this paper,the design strategy of HCD electrocatalysts is discussed,and some HCD electrocatalysts for HER are reviewed in seven categories(alloy,metal oxide,metal hydroxide,metal sulfide/selenide,metal nitride,metal phosphide and other derived electrocatalysts).At the end of this article,we also pro-pose some viewpoints and prospects for the future development and research directions of HCD electrocatalysts for HER.

摘要：Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)are promising materials for converting solar energy into green ***,limited charge separation and transport in COFs impede their application in the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).In this study,the intrinsically tunable inter-nal bond electric field(IBEF)at the imine bonds of COFs was manipulated to cooperate with the internal molecular electric field(IMEF)induced by the donor-acceptor(D-A)structure for an effi-cient *** aligned orientation of IBEF and IMEF resulted in a remarkable H_(2)evolution rate of 57.3 mmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1)on TNCA,which was approximately 520 times higher than that of TCNA(0.11 mmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1))with the opposing electric field *** superposition of the dual electric fields enables the IBEF to function as an accelerating field for electron transfer,kinetically facilitat-ing the migration of photogenerated electrons from D to ***,theoretical calculations indicate that the inhomogeneous charge distribution at the C and N atoms in TNCA not only pro-vides a strong driving force for carrier transfer but also effectively hinders the return of free elec-trons to the valence band,improving the utilization of *** strategy of fabricating dual electric fields in COFs offers a novel approach to designing photocatalysts for clean energy synthesis.

摘要：Crystalline@amorphous NiCo_(2)S_(4)@MoS_(2)(v-NCS@MS)nanostructures were designed and constructed via an ethylene glycol-induced strategy with hydrothermal synthesis and solvothermal method,which simultaneously realized the defect regulation of crystal NiCo_(2)S_(4) in the *** advantage of the flexible protection of an amor-phous shell and the high capacity of a conductive core with defects,the v-NCS@MS electrode exhibited high specif-ic capacity(1034 mAh·g^(-1) at 1 A·g^(-1))and outstanding rate ***,a hybrid supercapacitor was assembled with v-NCS@MS as cathode and activated carbon(AC)as anode,which can achieve remarkably high specific energy of 111 Wh·kg^(-1) at a specific power of 219 W·kg^(-1) and outstanding capacity retention of 80.5%after 15000 cycling at different current densities.

摘要：Multi-component mixture(MCM) is a complicated chemical system that contains a great deal of mixture rays with various mixture ratios, and each ray includes many mixtures with different concentration ***, in combined toxicity field, almost all studies on MCM focus on the mixtures designed by the equivalenteffect concentration ratio(EECR) procedure. However, the EECR mixtures cannot represent the whole mixture system because the EECR mixtures are located on one mixture ray in concentration space formed by multiple components. In our view, some optimal experimental design such as the uniform design(UD) should be used to effectively select many representative mixture rays from the MCM system,instead of single EECR ray. The uniform design ray(UDray) integrating UD idea with fixed-ratio ray design can systematically and comprehensively measure the combined toxicity changes in the MCM system. This review introduces the operation method, construction of uniform table and corresponding usable table, and some cases of application of the UD-ray to help readers easily use UD-ray in their MCM toxicity assessment.

摘要：柔性可穿戴的紫外线探测器在个体紫外线暴露监测、智能仿生眼和军事领域受到广泛关注.然而,传统不可拉伸的材料和器件结构设计限制了设备在可动态变形的人体皮肤和非平面表面上的精确监测应用和稳定附着.在本研究中,我们提出了基于氧化铜/碳-水凝胶-氧化锌/碳的新型应变隔离异质结构的本征可拉伸(拉伸应变或弯曲高达150%)紫外线探测器,该探测器具有高灵敏度(开/关比为2100%)、高稳定性(大于4000次循环),以及快速响应和恢复时间(分别为1.5和4 s).值得注意的是,该探测器通过水凝胶桥在氧化铜/碳和氧化锌/碳电极之间引入的p-n结能带结构,以及离子导电水凝胶中I^(-)/I_(3)^(-)的电化学反应机制,显著提高了其载流子效率和紫外线响应强度.本文通过集成传感器与所设计的电路板,进一步开发了一种无线紫外线报警系统,用于紫外线强度超标警报.此外,本文还设计了一种光电传感器阵列,并将其用作视网膜假体,以实现对环境紫外线强度的实时监测和成像.本文基于水凝胶基异质结构为开发可穿戴、可拉伸的光电紫外线传感器单元和成像阵列提供了一种新的可行方法.

摘要：The NiS/CQDs nanocomposite (CQDs represents carbon quantum dots), with a mass ratio of NiS/CQDs to be 1.19:1 based on the ICP result, was obtained via a facile hydrothermal method from a mixture of CQDs, Ni(OAc)2 and Na2S. The self-assembly of ZnIn2S4 microspheres on the surface of NiS/CQDs was realized under microwave conditions to obtain a ternary NiS/CQDs/ZnIn2S4 nanocomposite. The as-obtained NiS/CQDs/ZnIn2S4 nanocomposite was fully characterized, and its photocatalytic hydrogen evolution under visible light irradiation was investigated. The ternary NiS/CQDs/ZnIn2S4 nanocomposite showed superior photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution than ternary CQDs/NiS/ZnIn2S4, which was obtained by deposition of NiS in the preformed CQDs/ZnIn2S4. The superior photocatalytic performance of ternary NiS/CQDs/ZnIn2S4 is ascribed to the introduction of CQDs, which act as a bridge to promote the vectorial transfer of photo-generated electrons from ZnIn2S4 to NiS. This result suggests that the rational design and fabrication of ternary CQDs-based systems are important for the efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. This study provides a strategy for developing highly efficient noble-metal-free photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution using CQDs as a bridge to promote the charge transfer in the nanocomposite.

摘要：Atomically ordered intermetallic compounds(OICs)have aroused remarkable interests for wide applications and are considered as very promising materials for electrocatalysis owing to the strict stoichiometry,well-defined atom binding environment,and the specific crystalline ***,the tunable synthesis of the intermetallics remains a giant ***,this study reports the preparation of the Pd-Sn OICs composed of an interconnected nanowire network structure with adjustable molar ratios of elements Pd and *** co-reduction of Pd(acac)_(2) and SnCl_(2)·2H_(2)O in ethylene glycol(EG)in the presence of sodium hypophosphite(NaH_(2)PO_(2))as the reducing agent affords OICs of three phases:hexagonal Pd_(3)Sn_(2-)P6_(3)/mmc,orthorhombic PdSn-Pnmb,and orthorhombic PdSn_(2)-Aba_(2).Also,the pure phase can convert to two mixed phases(Pd_(3)Sn_(2)/PdSn and PdSn/PdSn_(2))by just altering the feed *** is found that orthorhombic PdSn-Pnmb OIC has a large electrochemically active surface area(ECSA),excellent electrocatalytic performance(4857 mA mg_(Pd)^(−1)),and outstanding stability toward ethanol oxidation reaction(EOR),which could be attributed to its optimal electronic *** results demonstrate that the phase engineering of OICs with desired components is an excellent way for catalysts design.

摘要：Engineering an efficient interface is a trustworthy strategy for designing advanced photocatalytic systems for solar energy ***,oxygen-deficient Bi_(2)WO_(6)atomic layers without organic residues were successfully fabricated via a facile solvothermal strategy by the multifunctional regulatory mechanism of introduced *** DFT calculations and speciation determination revealed that chloridion displayed a more pronounced effect in the controllable synthesis of oxygen-deficient Bi_(2)WO_(6)atomic layers without organic residues:ultrathinning and *** built-in multi-cooperative interface endowed Bi_(2)WO_(6)with intriguing photoelectrochemical properties,O_(2) activation ability,and ultrahigh activity in visible-light powered deep oxidation of NO.A reasonable photocatalytic mechanism was proposed based on in situ infrared spectroscopy analysis and theoretical *** believe that this multi-cooperative interface engineering of oxygen-deficient Bi_(2)WO_(6)atomic layers without organic residues could provide new insights into the design of two-dimensional(2D)layered materials with efficient active sites and pave the way for efficient NO photooxidation systems.

摘要：To solve the problem of slow leaching speed of copper,surfactant was added into lixivium as leaching agent in the *** on physical chemistry and seepage flow mechanics,the leaching mechanics of surfactant was *** solution surface tension and surfactant adsorbing on the surface of ore have a significant impact on the surface wetting *** leaching rate for response,the study screened out three main factors by Plackett-Burman design method:the sulfuric acid concentration,surfactant concentration and *** these three factors,the surfactant concentration is the most important contributor to leaching *** obtaining the experiment center by the steepest ascent experiment,a continuous variable surface model was built by response surface *** solving quadratic polynomial equation,optimal conditions for leaching were finally obtained as follows:the sulfuric acid concentration was 60 g/L,the surfactant concentration was 0.00914 mol/L,and the temperature was 45 °*** leaching rate was 66.81% in the optimized leaching conditions,which was close to the predicted value,showing that regression result was good.

摘要：Geographic Hypermedia(GH)is a rich and interactive map document with geo-tagged graphics,sound and video ele-ments.A Geographic Hypermedia System(GHS)is designed to manage,query,display and explore GH *** emerging geo-tagged videos and measurable images as valuable geographic data resources,this paper aims to design a web-based GHS using web mapping,geoprocessing,video streaming and XMLHTTP *** concept,data model,system design and implementation of this GHS are discussed in ***-tagged videos are modeled as temporal,spatial and metadata entities such as video clip,video path and frame-based ***,geo-tagged stereo video and derived data are modeled as interre-lated entities:original video,rectified video,stereo video,video path,frame-based description and measurable image(rectified and disparity image with baseline,interior and exterior parameters).The entity data are organized into video files,GIS layers with linear referencing and XML documents for web *** data can be integrated in HTML pages or used as Rich Internet Appli-cations(RIA)using standard web technologies such as the AJAX,*** and RIA *** SOA-based GHS is designed using four types of web services:ArcGIS Server 9.3 web mapping and geoprocessing services,Flash FMS 3.0 video streaming ser-vices and GeoRSS XMLHTTP *** applications in road facility management and campus hypermapping indicate that the GH data models and technical solutions introduced in this paper are useful and flexible enough for wider deployment as a GHS.