摘要：Ground cherry(Physalis pubescens L.) is a kind of berry fruit favored by consumers in China; however, this fruit is particularly vulnerable to physiological senescence and pathogen attack during the traditional cold storage period. In order to maintain storage quality, a 1.5%(w/w) chitosan(CS) water solution containing 50 mg/L of natamycin(NA) was introduced. After all treatments were completed, the fruit was stored at 0°C and sampled every 10 d. At each sampling date, the following tests were performed: mold and yeast analyses; enzyme activity and content analyses which included superoxide dismutase(SOD), ascorbate peroxidase(APX), and malondialdehyde(MDA); and color analysis. In addition, a sensory evaluation was carried out for quality assessment at the end of the storage period. The results showed that the application of a chitosan coating combined with natamycin(CSNA) enhanced the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase(APX), reduced the physiological rate of senescence, and inhibited pathogen attack. Thus, CSNA treatment can maintain ground cherries at an acceptable level of storage quality for 50 d.

摘要：New pH-responsive saccharide hydrogels were designed and prepared using curdlan derivatives（curdlan-Bochistidine, CUR-HIS）. The CUR-HIS hydrogels possessed highly porous structures. The swelling ratios of CUR-HIS hydrogels increased with the degree of substitution of Boc-histidine groups. And the addition of 0.5 mol/L Na Cl provoked a sharp reduction of swelling ratio of CUR-HIS hydrogels. Bovine serum albumin（BSA） can be efficiently encapsulated into CUR-HIS hydrogels. Moreover, the release profiles of BSA at different p H values from CUR-HIS hydrogels were significantly different. These hydrogels showed good biocompatibility in the cytotoxicity assays. The CUR-HIS hydrogels are of great potential in biomedical applications such as protein delivery systems.

摘要：[ Objectivel The aim was to determine the optimal technology for ultrasonic-assisted extraction of black tea was determined. [ Methed] Taking Black Tea as materials, the Box-Behnken response surface design method of tea polyphenols ultrasonic-assisted extraction process optimi- zation was applied. The regression optimization model of the ethanol volume fraction, ultrasonic time, and ultrasonic temperature, ethyl acetate extract stalling time and tea polyphenols was established. [ Result] The influence of four factors on the black tea polyphenol solvents affecting size was as follows： ultrasonic time 〉 ethanol volume fraction 〉 stalling extraction time 〉 ultrasound temperature. The best extraction process was ultrasonic time 80 min, volume fraction of 88.99% ethanol, extraction time 89.97 min, ultrasonic temperature of 80℃. At the optimized technical parameters, the black tea phenolic extraction yield can be as high as 73.50%. [ Conclusion] The study provided theoretical basis for the development of tea leaves and black tea.

摘要：Projection models are commonly used to evaluate the impacts of ***,previously developed projection tools were not suitable for China’s fisheries as they are either overly complex and data-demanding or too simple to reflect the realistic management ***,an intermediate-complexity projection model was developed that could adequately describe fish population dynamics and account for management measures including mesh size limits,summer closure,and spatial closure.A two-patch operating model was outlined for the projection model and applied to the heavily depleted but commercially important small yellow croaker(Larimichthys polyactis)fishery in the Haizhou Bay,China,as a case *** model was calibrated to realistically capture the fisheries dynamics with *** simulation scenarios featuring different fishing intensities based on status quo and maximum sustainable yield(MSY)were proposed and evaluated with *** projections were additionally performed to investigate the influence of uncertainty associated with recruitment strengths and the implementation of control *** was found that fishing at FMSY level could effectively rebuild the depleted stock biomass,while the stock collapsed rapidly in the status quo *** in recruitment and implementation could result in variabilities in management effects;but they did not much alter the management effects of the FMSY *** results indicate that the lack of science-based control targets in fishing mortality or catch limits has hindered the achievement of sustainable fisheries in ***,the presented work highlights that the developed projection model can promote the understanding of the possible consequences of fishing under uncertainty and is applicable to other fisheries in China.

摘要：A central composite design(CCD),with three variables and three levels,was used to optimize withering and fermentation processing during manufacture of Congou black tea of *** three independent variables were withering time,fermentation time and fermentation *** factor was set by three *** responses were predicted by analysis of the regression *** the study,the models of regression equation were significant by the analysis of variance(ANOVA).The second-order response surface figures were showed that interaction term is correlated with the *** process parameters for the maximum of TF and TR formation were obtained at withering time of 12 hours,fermentation time of 2 hours,and fermentation temperature of 30℃.The predictions of TF and TR formation were 0.52% and 3.98%.The results obtained in this study showed that the CCD and Response Surface Methodology(RSM) could be an effective tool to optimize the process parameters of Congou black tea manufacture.

摘要：A hybrid pharmacophore approach was used to design and synthesize a series of coumarin derivatives bearing 2-methylbiphenyl moiety, which were evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activities against four cancer cell lines(MCF-75 A549, H460 and HT29) and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitory activities. Moreover, several compounds with excellent anticancer activities were selected to evaluate the cytotoxicities against one normal cell line(HEK-293). The most promising compound llo showed the best anticancer activities against the four tested cancer cell lines with the IC50 values of 6.45, 8.65, 6,57 and 8.13 gmol/L, respectively, and displayed weak cytotoxicity on the normal cell(HEK-293). Furthermore, screening of PD-1 /PD-L1 inhibitory activity revealed that compound llo could effectively inhibit the binding of PD-1/PD-L1, and the binding interactions of compound llo with PD-L1 protein were explored by molecular docking. All above evidences showed that compound llo might be worthy of further study as a valuable leading compound for the treatment of cancer.

摘要：基于X射线纳米闪烁体的光响应疗法是一种新兴的有良好应用前景的活体肿瘤治疗策略,迫切需要开发具有高效X射线激发紫外发光性能的纳米闪烁体.然而,由于当前纳米闪烁体的X射线紫外发光性能仍较弱,实现高效的X射线激活肿瘤治疗仍然是一个巨大的挑战.为此,我们发展了一种新型的具有良好X射线紫外发光性能的Gd^(3+)/Ce^(3+)共掺杂的LiLuF4纳米闪烁体,并将其应用于活体肿瘤治疗.通过优化基质材料、掺杂剂和能量传递设计合成的纳米闪烁体,其X射线紫外发光强度比传统的Ce^(3+)单掺杂材料增强了约18倍.我们进一步将纳米闪烁体与一氧化氮(NO)前体结合以概念验证研究纳米闪烁体的应用.在X射线照射下,该纳米复合物能够可控地产生NO,并在X射线诱导的NO和放射治疗协同作用下实现了优异的抗肿瘤效果.此外,X射线激活的NO治疗可以抑制肿瘤向肝脏转移,抑制肿瘤再生,延长小鼠存活率.这项工作有望推动纳米闪烁体的发展及其在活体深层组织疾病治疗中的应用.

摘要：AIM： To identify the gene （s） related to the antagonistic activity of Enterobacter cloacae B8 and to elucidate its antagonistic mechanism. METHODS： Transposon-mediated mutagenesis and tagging method and cassette PCR-based chromosomal walking method were adopted to isolate the mutant strain （s） of B8 that lost the antagonistic activity and to clone DNA fragments around Tn5 insertion site. Sequence compiling and open reading frame （ORF） finding were done with DNAStar program and homologous sequence and conserved domain searches were performed with BlastN or BlastP programs at ***. To verify the gene involved in the antagonistic activity, complementation of a full-length clone of the anrFgene to the mutant B8F strain was used. RESULTS： A 3 321 bp contig around the Tn5 insertion site was obtained and an ORF of 2 634 bp in length designated as anrFgene encoding for a 877 aa polyketide synthase-like protein was identified. It had a homology of 83% at the nucleotide level and 79% ID/87% SIM at the protein level, to the admM gene of Pantoea agglomerans andrimid biosynthetic gene cluster （AY192157）. The Tn5 was inserted at 2 420 bp of the gene corresponding to the COG3319 （the thioesterase domain of type I polyketide synthase） coding region on BSF. The antagonistic activity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae was resumed with complementation of the full-length anrFgene to the mutant B8F. CONCLUSION： The anrFgene obtained is related to the antagonistic activity of BS, and the antagonistic substances produced by B8 are andrimid and/or its analogs.

摘要：The presence of yeast cells could stimulate hydrogen utilization of acetogens and enhance acetogenesis. To understand the roles of acetogens in rumen fermentation, an in vitro rumen fermentation experiment was conducted with addition of acetogen strain （TWA4） and/or Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product （XP）. A 2×2 factorial design with two levels of TWA4 （0 or 2×10^7 cells/ml） and XP （0 or 2 g/L） was performed. Volatile fatty acids （VFAs） were increased （P〈0.05） in XP and TWA4XP, while methane was increased only in TWA4XP （P〈0.05）. The increase rate of microorganisms with formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, especially acetogens, was higher than that of methanogens under all treatments. Lachnospiraceae was predominant in all acetogen communities, but without close acetyI-CoA synthase （ACS） amino acid sequences from cultured isolates. Low-Acetitomaculum ruminis-like ACS was predominant in all acetogen communities, while four unique phylotypes in XP treatment were all amino acid identified Iow-Eubacterium limosum-like acetogens. It differs to XP treatment that more Iow-A. ruminis-like and less Iow- E. limosum-like sequences were identified in ＂I＇WA4 and TWA4XP treatments. Enhancing acetogenesis by supple- mentation with an acetogen strain and/or yeast cells may be an approach to mitigate methane, by targeting proper acetogens such as uncultured Iow-E. limosum-like acetogens.

摘要：Objective： To provide guidance for future randomized controlled trials （RCTs） based on a review con- cerning acupuncture for treating polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS）. Methods： A comprehensive literature search was conducted in October 2015 using MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCISEARCH, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, the Cochrane Menstrual Disorders and Subfertility Group trials register, Allied and Complementary Medi- cine （AMED）, China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）, and the Wanfang databases. RCTs comparing either acupuncture with no/sham/pharmacological intervention or a combination of acupuncture and conventional therapy with conventional therapy in the treatment of PCOS were included in this review. A quality evaluation was performed for each of the included studies. Results： Thirty-one RCTs were included in the review and were divided into four categories according to the type of intervention used in the comparator or control group. Menstrual frequency, hor- mones, anthropometrics, insulin sensitivity, blood lipids, and fertility were used as the main measurements to assess the effects of acupuncture on the patients with PCOS. Thirty trials, except for one, showed an improvement in at least one of the indicators of PCOS after acupuncture treatment. However, normalizing the methodological and reporting format remains an issue. Conclusions： Based upon this review of current clinical trials concerning acupuncture for treating PCOS, we provide guidelines for better clinical trial design in the future.