摘要：Three-dimensional(3D)printing has attracted increasing research interest as an emerging manufacturing technology for devel-oping sophisticated and exquisite architecture through hierarchical *** has also been employed in various advanced industrial *** development of intelligent biomedical engineering has raised the requirements for 3D printing,such as flexible manufacturing processes and technologies,biocompatible constituents,and alternative ***,state-of-the-art 3D printing mainly involves inorganics or polymers and generally focuses on traditional industrial fields,thus severely limiting applications demanding biocompatibility and *** this regard,peptide architectonics,which are self-assembled by programmed amino acid sequences that can be flexibly functionalized,have shown promising potential as bioinspired inks for 3D ***,the combination of 3D printing and peptide self-assembly poten-tially opens up an alternative avenue of 3D bioprinting for diverse advanced ***,a small but innovative nation,has significantly contributed to 3D bioprinting in terms of scientific studies,marketization,and peptide architectonics,including modulations and applications,and ranks as a leading area in the 3D bioprinting *** review summarizes the recent progress in 3D bioprinting in Israel,focusing on scientific studies on printable components,soft devices,and tissue *** paper further delves into the manufacture of industrial products,such as artificial meats and bioinspired supramolecular architectures,and the mechanisms,physicochemical properties,and applications of peptide ***,Israel contributes significantly to the field of 3D bioprinting and should thus be appropriately recognized.

摘要：Microbial synthesis of carotenoids is a highly desirable alternative to plant extraction and chemical *** this study,we investigated multidimensional strategies to improve the carotenoid synthesis in the industrial workhorse of Saccharomyces ***,we rewired the yeast central metabolism by optimizing non-oxidative glycolysis pathway for an improved acetyl-CoA ***,we restricted the consumption of farnesyl pyrophosphate(FPP)by the down-regulation of squalene synthase using the PEST ***,we further explored the human lipid binding/transfer protein saposin B(hSapB)-mediated metabolic sink for an enhanced storage of lipophilic ***,the copper-induced GAL expression system was engineered to function in the yeast-peptone-dextrose medium for an increased biomass *** combining the abovementioned strategies,the final engineered yeast produced 166.79±10.43 mg/Ⅰβ-carotene in shake flasks,which was nearly 5-fold improvement of the parental carotenoid-producing ***,we envision that multidimensional strategies reported here might be applicable to other hosts for the future industrial development of carotenoid synthesis from renewable feedstocks.

摘要：作物的生长冗余,也就是营养器官的过度生长,常常对作物产量不利,因此被称为作物的‘公地悲剧’。作物品种内相邻植株之间的资源竞争也会导致可塑性的营养器官的过度生长,因此被称为可塑性的公地悲剧。然而,目前有关这种可塑性的公地悲剧如何响应不同作物品种和不同的资源水平的研究较少。本研究设计了盆栽实验来探索这一问题。为设置根系竞争和无竞争两种处理,把同品种两个植株栽种在同一花盆中,分别用尼龙和塑料进行隔离;采用了两个小麦品种(古老品种和尚头和现代品种92-46),设置了两个资源水平处理。研究结果表明,与92-46相比,和尚头品种把资源更多地分配给茎叶,更少地分配给种子。异速生长数据显示,在24对尼龙隔离和塑料隔离处理的比较中,只有4对显示出程度很小的差异。异速生长数据还显示,相比和尚头品种,92-46品种对增加资源的响应程度更小。基于有限样本大小,本研究揭示了作物地上部分营养生长和繁殖生长之间的权衡关系。正是这种权衡关系,导致了和尚头小麦品种的‘公地悲剧’式生长,同时也使得92-46小麦品种的种子产量得以提升。小麦的公地悲剧更可能是源自遗传性状(比如古老品种的生长冗余),而不太可能是源自植株的可塑性冗余生长。现代小麦品种92-46可能采用了节约型的资源利用方式,而古老品种则采取的是消耗型策略。综上所述,本研究表明育种工作者应当选育个体竞争力低的基因型。

摘要：The pathogenic species of genus Vibrio cause vibriosis, one of the most prevalent diseases of maricultured animals and seafood consumers. Monitoring their kinetics in the chain of seafood production, processing and consumption is of great importance for food and mariculture safety. In order to enrich Vibrio-representing 16S ribosomal RNA gene （rDNA） fragments and identify these bacteria further real-timely and synchronously among bacterial flora in the chain, a pair of primers that selectively amplify Vibrio 16S rDNA fragments were designed with their specificities and coverage testified in the analysis of seawater Vibrio community. The specificities and coverage of two primers, VF169 and VR744, were determined theoretically among bacterial 16S rDNAs available in GenBank by using BLAST program and practically by amplifying Vibrio 16S rDNA fragments from seawater DNA. More than 88.3% of sequences in GenBank, which showed identical matches with VR744, belong to Vibrio genus. A total of 33 clones were randomly selected and sequenced. All of the sequences showed their highest similarities to and clustered around those of diverse known Vibrio species. The primers designed are capable of retrieving a wide range of Vibrio 16S rDNA fragments specifically among bacterial flora in seawater, the most important natural environment of seafood cultivation.

摘要：β-Glucuronidase(GUS)plays a key role in tumor initiation,metastasis,and progression,and thus,has been proposed as a promising cancer *** this study,we designed an enzyme-activatable near-infrared(NIR)fluorescent probe(DCM-βGlcA)for the rapid and accurate detection of GUS activity in vitro,in vivo and ex *** DCM-βGlcA was prepared by linking a glucuronic acid residue to dicyanomethylene-4 H-pyran(DCM).This probe exhibited significant light-up NIR fluorescent signals at 680 nm after reacting with GUS and the Stokes shift could reach 150 *** DCM-βGlcA showed a high sensitivity toward GUS and an excellent linear relationship at concentrations ranging between 0 and 4 U L^(-1)(R^(2)=0.9974)with the limit of detection as low as 0.19 U L^(-1).We used the DCM-βGlcA to identify GUS serum levels in both cancer patients and healthy individuals with a similar accuracy as that of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)while being easier and faster to ***,the DCM-βGlcA was used for tracking endogenous GUS in living cells,thereby discriminating GUSoverexpressed liver cancer from normal ***,the DCM-βGlcA was able to detect and image endogenous GUS in liver cancer tissue and tumor-bearing mouse *** findings demonstrate the potential of the DCM-βGlcA as a promising tool for detecting and monitoring GUS activity in preclinical applications.

摘要：This paper proposes an additive nanomanufacturing approach to fabricate a personalized lab-on-a-chip fluorescent peptide nanoparticles （f-PNPs） array for simultaneous multi-biomarker detection that can be used in Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） diagnosis. We will discuss optimization techniques for the additive nanomanufacturing process in terms of reliability, yield and manufacturing efficiency. One contribution of this paper lies in utilization of additive nanomanufacturing techniques to fabricate a patient-specific customize-designed lab-on-a-chip device for personalized AD diagnosis, which remains a major challenge for biomedical engineering. Through the integrated bio-design and bio-manufacturing process, doctor＇s check- up and computer-aided customized design are integrated into the lab-on-a-chip array for patient-specific AD diagnosis. In addition, f-PNPs with targeting moieties for personalized AD biomarkers will be self-assembled onto the customized lab-on-a- chip through the additive nanomanufacturing process, which has not been done before. Another contribution of this research is the personalized lab-on-a-chip f-PNPs array for AD diagnosis utilizing limited human blood. Blood-based AD assessment has been described as ＂the holy grail＂ of early AD detection. This research created the computer-aided design, fabrication through additive nanomanufacturing, and validation of the f-PNPs array for AD diagnosis. This is a highly interdisciplinary research contributing to nanotechnology, biomaterials, and biomedical engineering for neurodegenerative disease. The conceptual work is preliminary with intent to introduce novel techniques to the application. Large-scale manufacturing based on the proposed framework requires extensive validation and optimization.

摘要：Solar‐energy‐driven catalytic CO_(2) reduction for the production of value‐added carbon‐based materials and chemical raw materials has attracted great interest to alleviate the global climate change and energy *** production of multicarbon(C2)products through CO_(2) reduction is extremely attractive,however,the yield and selectivity of C2 products remain low because of the low reaction temperature required and the low photoelectron density of the ***,we introduce WO3–x,which contains oxygen vacancies and exhibits an excellent photothermal conversion efficiency,to improve the generation of C2 products(C2H4 and C2H6)under simulated sunlight(UV‐Vis‐IR)***3–x produced 5.30 and 0.93μmol·g^(–1)C2H4 and C2H6,respectively,after 4 h,with a selectivity exceeding 34%.In situ Fourier transform infrared spectra and theoretical calculations showed that the oxygen vacancies enhanced the water activation and hydrogenation of adsorbed CO for the formation of C2 products via C–C coupling from CH2/CH3 *** findings of this study could assist in the design of highly active solar‐energy‐driven catalysts to produce C–C coupling products through CO2 reduction.

摘要：Advanced oxidation processes(AOPs) have been applied to address multiple environmental concerns including antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs). ARGs have shown an increasing threat to human health,and they are either harbored by antibiotic-resistant bacteria(ARB) or free in the ***, the control of ARGs has been substantially limited by their low concentration and the limited knowledge about their interfacial behavior. Herein, a novel AOP catalyst, Ag/TiO_(2)/graphene oxide(GO),combined with a polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) ultrafiltration membrane was designed with a synergistic interfacial adsorption and oxidation function to inactivate ARGs with high efficiency in both model solutions and in secondary wastewater effluent, especially when the residue concentration was *** analysis showed that the mineralization of bases and phosphodiesters mainly caused the inactivation of ARGs. Moreover, the interfacial adsorption and oxidation processes of ARGs were studied at the molecular level. The results showed that GO was rich in sp^(2) backbones and functional oxygen groups,which efficiently captured and enriched the ARGs via p-p interactions and hydrogen bonds. Therefore,the photogenerated active oxygen species attack the ARGs by partially overcoming the kinetic problems in this process. The Ag/Ti O2/GO catalyst was further combined with a PVDF membrane to test its potential in wastewater treatment applications. This work offers an efficient method and a corresponding material for the inactivation and mineralization of intra/extracellular ARGs. Moreover, the molecularlevel understanding of ARG behaviors on a solid–liquid interface will inspire further control strategies of ARGs in the future.

摘要：Plants growing in nutrient-rich environment are predicted to be less defended than conspecifics under nutrient ***,less is known about the effects of nutrient levels on tolerance and induced resistance,and whether the effects differ between native and introduced populations of invasive *** performed a greenhouse experiment with introduced(the USA)and native(Argentina)genotypes of Alternanthera philoxeroides in order to study the effects of soil nitrogen levels on plant growth,constitutive and herbivore(Agasicles hygrophila)-induced chemical defense,and herbivory *** measured total biomass,elongation rate(as proxy of growth rate),carbon and nitrogen,and the concentration of triterpenoid saponins(defensive chemicals)in leaves and *** resistance(+33%higher leaf triterpenoid saponins in control treatment at low nitrogen level)and tolerance[less decreased total biomass after herbivory treatment(−24%and−15%for high and low nitrogen levels)]were favored at lower nitrogen level,while induced resistance was favored at higher nitrogen level(+24%increased leaf triterpenoid saponins after herbivory treatment at high nitrogen level).Constitutive resistance and tolerance exhibited trade-offs with growth rate,while induced resistance positively correlated with growth ***,the introduced genotypes had−6%lower content of leaf carbon in the presence of herbivores than the native genotypes at low nitrogen level,but such difference was absent at high nitrogen *** results indicate that soil nitrogen levels influence the preference of different defensive strategies of plant,and interweave with herbivory to determine the performance of introduced genotypes.

摘要：Understanding the intra-population genetic diversity and population genetic structure is beneficial for plant protection and *** huoshanense is an endangered authentic medicinal *** analyze the population differentiation and genetic diversity in ***,simple sequence repeat(SSR)markers were obtained by high-throughput transcriptome sequencing,and 10 expressed sequence tag(EST)-SSRs were studied in 182 Dendrobium individual samples from 15 populations distributed in Huoshan County,southwest Anhui *** deep sequencing of *** transcriptome,a total of 58202 unigenes were obtained,and 7781 SSRs with 1~6 base repeats were *** them,dinucleotide SSRs were the dominant repeating motifs(3119,40.085%),and the most common was AG/CT(2666,54.01%).Ten SSR primers were screened out from the designed 120 primer pairs for further polymorphism *** results showed that 75 alleles were detected,and the number of alleles at each locus ranged from 4 to 11,with an average of *** mean expected heterozygosity(H_(e)),observed heterozygosity(H_(o))and polymorphism information content(C_(pi))of the 10 SSR loci were 0.646,0.574,and 0.607,*** populations exhibited a high level of genetic diversity(H_(o)=0.591,H_(e)=0.557)and a moderate level of differentiation(F_(ST)=0.10069),and the genetic variation mainly existed within *** results of Structure and neighbour-joining(NJ)analysis based on 10 polymorphic primers showed that *** populations were clustered into 2 groups,and the populations KS,HSD,and JXZ had rich genetic diversity and multiple private alleles,suggesting that these populations could be used for genetic improvement of the *** study revealed frequency distribution of *** SSR loci,and successfully developed microsatellite genetic markers,which are expected to expand the repertoire of DNA markers for genetic study of ***.