摘要：Conductive and transparent dipeptide hydrogels are desirable building blocks to prepare soft electronic devices and wearable biosensors due to their excellent biocompatibility,multi-functionality,and physiochemical properties similar to those of body ***,the preparation of such hydrogels featuring high conductivity and transparency is a huge challenge because of the hydrophobic feature of conductive additives making the doping process *** overcome this issue,hydrophilic conductive polydopamine(PDA)-doped polypyrrole(PPy)nanoparticles are introduced into the dipeptide hydrogel networks to form conductive nanofibrils in situ to achieve a good level of hydrophilic templating of the hydrogel *** tech-nique creates a complete conductive network and allows visible light to pass *** strategy proposed herein not only endows the dipeptide hydrogel with good conductivity and high transparency,but also provides a great potential application of conductive dipeptide hydrogels for body-adhered signal detection,as evidenced by the experimental data.

摘要：Advertisement calls play an important role in influencing female mate choice and are regarded as one of the key characters responsible for reproductive isolation and speciation events in frogs and toads. The black-spined toad, Bufo melanostictus, is one of the most common amphibians in Southeast Asia and is frequently observed in human habitations throughout its distributional range. The advertisement calls of the toad have not been well described. Here, we report the advertisement calls of this species from Lishui, Zhejiang, China during its breeding season. The advertisement calls of B. melanostictus are composed of single notes with a single harmonic frequency emitted sporadically. The call parameters recorded in this study were highly variable across recording times and with different body sizes. Dominant frequency was negatively correlated with body size. Comparing the calls of the B. melanostictus population from Lishui with the populations from five other localities(Bangkok, Thailand; Coorg, India; Burma, Myanmar; Bali, Indonesia; Halimun-Salak National Park, Indonesia), we found that call structure was similar among five different populations with no harmonics, while the Halimun-Salak National Park population contained two clear harmonics. Dominant frequency was similar between Bali(1.56 kHz) and Coorg(1.6 kHz) populations, while it was highly variable among other populations. Besides call duration, call interval and pulse/call rate may also be significantly different among the comparing populations. Pooling the available data, we observed some similarities and differences in call parameters among the six populations.

摘要：目的:酵母可以促进产乙酸菌利用氢生成乙酸。为了解产乙酸菌在瘤胃发酵中的作用,本试验研究了产乙酸菌单独添加及其与酿酒酵母发酵物联合添加对瘤胃发酵特性及产乙酸菌菌群结构的影响。创新点:通过瘤胃甲烷生成量与产乙酸菌菌群结构关联,揭示降低瘤胃甲烷生成的新途径。方法:试验采用2×2双因素试验设计,产乙酸菌TWA4的添加量为0和2×107 cells/ml,酿酒酵母发酵物XP的添加量为0和2 g/L。结论:瘤胃体外发酵研究发现,单独添加XP以及TWA4和XP联合添加可增加挥发性脂肪酸产量(P<0.05),TWA4和XP联合添加显著增加了甲烷生成量(P<0.05)。单独添加TWA4、XP以及两者联合添加均增加了含有甲酰四氢叶酸合成酶的微生物的数量,尤其是产乙酸菌的数量,这类微生物的增长幅度高于产甲烷菌。各处理产乙酸菌均以Lachnospiraceae为主,但与已培养的微生物的相似性较低。与Acetitomaculum ruminis低相似性的一类未知的产乙酸菌在各处理中均占优势,但XP的添加增加了与Eubacterium limosum低相似未知产乙酸菌的数量。与XP不同,TWA4及其与XP的联合添加使与***低相似性的一类未知的产乙酸菌的数量增加,与***低相似未知产乙酸菌的数量降低。因此,添加与***低相似的未知产乙酸菌和(或)酵母可能是降低瘤胃甲烷生成的一种有效途径。

摘要：青藏高原高寒、缺氧,属于地球上居住条件极端恶劣的环境.人类在什么时候克服生理和生存的重重困难去征服高原是人类演化历史中至关重要的科学问题.在第二次青藏高原综合科学考察过程中,研究团队在西藏邱桑温泉附近发现了一组由古人类有意留下的手印和脚印(简称手脚印).通过对这些手脚印进行详细的3D扫描,解剖学和沉积学分析,以及铀系法测年,发现这些手脚印是由古人类在泉华软泥上用其手脚压制而成,随后这些留有印记的软泥迅速脱水并固结成岩,得以长期保留.这些手脚印形成于距今16.9~22.6万年,是人类占据高原已知最早的记录.由于这些有意压制的手脚印排列有序并富于创造性,研究团队认为这是世界上最古老的岩面艺术,其中的手印也是世界上目前已知最古老有意创作的手印.该研究显示邱桑古人类比智人走出非洲的时间更早,但与最近在青藏高原边缘发现的丹尼索瓦人的年代相近.手脚印的创作者究底是丹尼索瓦人还是其他直立人?这给考古学家们留下了新的挑战.

摘要：This paper presents a case study on structure design and establishment of database application system for alien species in Shandong Province, integrating with Geographic Information System, computer network, and database technology to the research of alien species. The modules of alien species database, including classified data input, statistics and analysis, species pictures and distribution maps, and out date input, were approached by Visual *** 2003 and Microsoft SQL server 2000. The alien species information contains the information of classification, species distinction characteristics, biological characteristics, original area, distribution area, the entering fashion and route, invasion time, invasion reason, interaction with the endemic species, growth state, danger state and spatial information, i.e. distribution map. Based on the above bases, several models including application, checking, modifying, printing, adding and returning models were developed. Furthermore, through the establishment of index tables and index maps, we can also spatially query the data like picture, text and GIS map data. This research established the technological platform of sharing information about scientific resource of alien species in Shandong Province, offering the basis for the dynamic inquiry of alien species, the warning technology of prevention and the fast reaction system. The database application system possessed the principles of good practicability, friendly user interface and convenient usage. It can supply full and accurate information inquiry services of alien species for the users and provide functions of dynamically managing the database for the administrator.

摘要：高级氧化法(AOP)已被应用于解决多种环境问题,包括对于抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)的处理. ARGs对人类健康的威胁愈加严重,然而,由于ARGs在环境中以极低浓度存在,且对其界面行为的了解有限,其控制手段受到很大的限制.该研究设计了一种新型AOP催化剂Ag/TiO_(2)/graphene oxide(GO),并与PVDF超滤膜结合,具有界面协同吸附和光催化氧化作用,在模型溶液和二级废水中均能高效灭活ARGs,特别是在残留浓度较低的情况下.进一步分析表明,碱基和磷酸二酯键的矿化是ARGs失活的主要原因.此外,该研究还从分子水平研究了ARGs的界面吸附和光催化氧化.结果表明,GO富含sp^(2)骨架和含氧官能团,通过π-π相互作用和氢键有效地捕获和富集ARGs.因此,光生活性氧物种能够克服动力学问题,更高效地攻击ARGs.通过催化剂与PVDF膜的进一步结合,验证了其在废水处理中的应用潜力.该研究为胞内/胞外ARGs的失活和矿化提供了有效的方法.此外,在分子水平上了解ARGs的固液界面行为,将有助于进一步研究ARGs的控制策略.

摘要：肿瘤细胞增殖与骨吸收之间的恶性循环加剧了骨肿瘤的进展和转移风险.为此,我们设计并制备了聚乙二醇-阿仑膦酸钠修饰的聚多巴胺(PPA)纳米粒子,并在其表面负载自噬抑制剂氯喹(CQ),期望利用该治疗载体(PPA/CQ)打破肿瘤细胞增殖与骨吸收之间的恶性循环,从而有效地治疗骨肿瘤.实验证明,PPA/CQ可以有效地富集到骨组织,尤其是肿瘤周围的溶骨性病变组织.PPA/CQ释放的CQ,一方面通过抑制肿瘤坏死因子受体相关受体-3的降解,抑制破骨细胞的生成,进而减轻骨肿瘤中的骨溶蚀病变;另一方面,CQ可以抑制肿瘤细胞的自噬,从而提高光热治疗对肿瘤细胞的杀伤效力.动物实验证明,PPA/CQ介导的联合治疗能有效抑制肿瘤的生长和骨溶蚀的发生.该项研究表明,自噬抑制联合光热疗法可能成为一种治疗恶性骨肿瘤的有效策略.