摘要：A heterojunction photocatalyst based on porous tubular g-C3N4 decorated with CdS nanoparticles was fabricated by a facile hydrothermal co-deposition *** one-dimensional porous structure of g-C3N4 provides a higher specific surface area,enhanced light absorption,and better separation and transport performance of charge carriers along the longitudinal direction,all of which synergistically contribute to the superior photocatalytic activity *** significantly enhanced catalytic efficiency is also a benefit originating from the fast transfer of photogenerated electrons and holes between g-C3N4 and CdS through a built-in electric field,which was confirmed by investigating the morphology,structure,optical properties,electrochemical properties,and photocatalytic *** degradation of rhodamine B(RhB)and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction were also carried out to investigate its photocatalytic *** can be degraded completely within 60 min,and the optimum H2 evolution rate of tubular g-C3N4/CdS composite is as high as 71.6μmol h^–1,which is about 16.3 times higher than that of pure bulk *** as-prepared nanostructure would be suitable for treating environmental pollutants as well as for water splitting.

摘要：Among the sustainable energy sources,hydrogen is the one most promising for alleviating the pollution issues related to the usage of conventional fuels,as it can be produced in an efficient and eco-friendly way via electrocatalytic water *** hydrogen evolution reaction(HER,a half-reaction of water splitting)plays a pivotal role in decreasing the price and increasing the catalytic efficiency of hydrogen production and is efficiently promoted by metal phosphides in different ***,we summarize the recent advances in the development of metal phosphides as HER electrocatalysts,focus on their synthesis(post-treatment,in situ generation,and electrodeposition methods)and the enhancement of their electrocatalytic activity(via elemental doping,interface and vacancy engineering,construction of specific supports and nanostructures,and the design of bior polymetallic phosphides),and highlight the crucial issues and challenges of future development.

摘要：南黄海辐射沙脊群的地貌演变机制是物理海洋和海洋地质学家们近30多年来争议较多的问题.本文设计了两个理想实验,模拟苏北潮流脊在理想地形下的发育过程.通过对比真实地形和两个理想地形下的模型结果,本文探讨了潮流脊的发育条件和古沙坝对沙脊群发育的影响以及沙脊群在理想状态下的演变过程.结果表明,(1)江苏近岸海域辐射状流场不依赖于辐射状地形,局部区域的地形差异不影响大范围的潮波系统和潮流特征;辐射沙脊群区域的辐射状潮流是潮汐与中国东部岸线的必然产物.(2)废黄河口海域不断受到侵蚀,等深线向后退,是辐射状沙脊群发育的重要泥沙来源之一.(3)潮致沉积和侵蚀对20m水深以下且未发育潮流脊的平坦地形影响微弱.

摘要：Recently, the g-C3N4-based heterojunctions have been widely investigated for their greatly enhanced photogenerated carrier separation efficiency. However, most studies are based on the study of g-C3N4 powders. In this study, a novel TiN/C3N4/CdS nanotube arrays core/shell structure is designed to improve the photoelectrochemical catalytic performance of the g-C3N4-based heterojunctions. Among them, TiN nanotube arrays do not respond to simulated solar light, and thus only serve as an excellently conductive nanotube arrays backbone for supporting g-C3N4/CdS heterojunctions. g-C3N4 prepared by simple liquid atomic layer deposition, which possesses appropriate energy band position, mainly acts as the electron acceptor to transport and separate electrons. Deposited CdS quantum dots obtained by successive ionic layer adsorption reaction can effectively absorb visible light and thus act as a light absorber. The TiN/C3N4/CdS nanotube arrays core/shell structure could be verified by X-ray diffractions, Raman spectra, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy elemental mappings and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Compared with TiN/C3N4 nanotube arrays, the TiN/C3N4/CdS samples greatly improve the photoelectrochemical performance, which can be evaluated by photoelectrochemical tests and photoelectrochemical catalytic degradation. Especially, the optimized photocurrent density of TiN/C3N4/CdS has almost 120 times improvement on TiN/C3N4 at 0 V bias under simulated sunlight, which can be ascribed to the effective expansion of the light absorption range and separation of electron-hole pairs.

摘要：通过多重miRNA触发的原位siRNA递送治疗策略可以有效提高对癌细胞的精确治疗.基于DNA纳米结构的可编程性、特异性分子识别、易于功能化修饰和良好生物相容性的特点,我们设计了一个3D DNA纳米治疗平台,用于实现双miRNA触发响应的siRNA原位递送.这种3D DNA纳米结构(TY1Y2)是由DNA四面体支架、两组Y型DNA(Y1和Y2)和EpCAM核酸适体通过自组装构建而成的.TY1Y2被特异性内化至靶标癌细胞后,能够被两个内源性miRNA(miR-21和miR-122)触发,从而产生强的荧光共振能量转移信号,用于双miRNAs成像.同时,治疗性的siRNA(siSurvivin和siBcl2)也可以通过链置换反应从TY1Y2中产生并进行原位释放,实现癌细胞的协同基因治疗.这种3D DNA纳米结构将内源性生物标记物的特异性成像和治疗性基因的原位递送整合为一个多功能纳米平台,在癌症诊断和治疗方面显示出广阔的应用前景.

摘要：长寿命溶解氧海水电池是深远海观测能源网络的重要组成单元,但海水贫氧复杂环境对设计高性能氧还原催化剂提出了重要挑战.本文以酞菁铁为模型催化剂,通过理论计算与实验验证,提出了活性位点电子轴向拉伸可大幅提升催化剂在极端贫氧环境中的氧还原活性和稳定性.该研究为构建高性能海水电池提供了材料学解决方案,同时为极端环境下催化剂的变革性设计提供了新的思路.

摘要：Layered double hydroxides(LDHs),a class of two-dimensional(2D)brucite-like layers,have been effectively applied in diverse ***,the current synthesis methods restrict the in situ scaling-up and tunable production of LDH-based *** by the growing characteristic of“Bryophyllum pinnatum”,a sacrificial co-sputtered Zn-Al transition layer was introduced for the first time to in situ grow a scalable-manufactured and thickness-controllable LDH film on arbitrary substrate materials with flexible shapes through“partial dissolution”and“solution infiltration”*** LDH films could be tailored by the creative regulation of the component,structure and surface state of the transition *** showed that the as-prepared LDH film had strong mechanical robustness under harsh abrasion conditions due to its large thickness and multi-level ***,a series of galvanic couple model experiments based on Zn/Al single-metal transition layers were designed to solve the real-time monitoring issue in the complex hydrothermal *** work not only develops a new strategy to design and grow in situ LDH films with multifaceted features,but also reveals sophisticated LDH formation ***,the findings of this study may broaden the practical application of LDH-based materials toward advanced and smart devices.

摘要：The pathogenic species of genus Vibrio cause vibriosis, one of the most prevalent diseases of maricultured animals and seafood consumers. Monitoring their kinetics in the chain of seafood production, processing and consumption is of great importance for food and mariculture safety. In order to enrich Vibrio-representing 16S ribosomal RNA gene （rDNA） fragments and identify these bacteria further real-timely and synchronously among bacterial flora in the chain, a pair of primers that selectively amplify Vibrio 16S rDNA fragments were designed with their specificities and coverage testified in the analysis of seawater Vibrio community. The specificities and coverage of two primers, VF169 and VR744, were determined theoretically among bacterial 16S rDNAs available in GenBank by using BLAST program and practically by amplifying Vibrio 16S rDNA fragments from seawater DNA. More than 88.3% of sequences in GenBank, which showed identical matches with VR744, belong to Vibrio genus. A total of 33 clones were randomly selected and sequenced. All of the sequences showed their highest similarities to and clustered around those of diverse known Vibrio species. The primers designed are capable of retrieving a wide range of Vibrio 16S rDNA fragments specifically among bacterial flora in seawater, the most important natural environment of seafood cultivation.

摘要：低氧/缺氧已成为严重威胁河口/近海与陆架浅海生态系统安全的要素之一。生物地球化学过程大量耗氧与水体分层限制表、底层水体交换是河口/近海低氧/缺氧问题的直接原因;而河口/近海和陆架海的各种物理过程控制了营养盐和有机质输运、水体层化,成为导致低氧/缺氧发生的根本原因之一。先讨论了近几年来国内外主要大河河口/近海和陆架浅海低氧现象发生的物理机制:径流冲淡水、潮汐、风、环流对低氧的影响,以及低氧对海-气大尺度变化和气候变化的响应等。再以长江口为例,重点分析了水动力过程对长江口夏季底层低氧的具体影响,同时对溶解氧统计模型和动力学模型的研究工作进行了阐述。最后对各种研究方法的优缺点进行总结,对长江口外海夏季底层低氧的研究工作进行了展望。

摘要：Narrow spectral response,low charge separation efficiency and slow water oxidation kinetics of TiO_(2)limit its application in photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic water ***,a promising organic/inorganic composite catalyst Ag/PANI/3DOMM‐TiO_(2–x)with a three‐dimensional ordered macro‐and meso‐porous(3DO MM)structure,oxygen vacancy and Ti^(3+)defects,heterojunction formation and noble metal Ag was designed based on the Z‐scheme mechanism and successfully *** Ag/PANI/3DOMM‐TiO_(2–x)ternary catalyst exhibited enhanced hydrogen production activity in both photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical water *** photocatalytic hydrogen production rate is 420.90μmol g^(–1)h^(–1),which are 19.80 times and 2.06 times higher than the commercial P25 and 3DOMM‐TiO_(2),*** the photoelectrochemical tests,the Ag/PANI/3DOMM‐TiO_(2–x)photoelectrode shows enhanced separation and transfer of carriers with a high current density of 1.55 mA cm^(–2)at equilibrium potential of 1.23 V under simulated AM 1.5 G illumination,which is approximately 5 times greater than the 3DOMM‐TiO_(2).The present work has demonstrated the promising potential of organic/inorganic Z‐scheme photocatalyst in driving water splitting for hydrogen production.