摘要：Based on radon gas properties and its existing projects applications, we firstly attempted to apply geo- physical and chemical properties of radon gas in the field of mining engineering, and imported radioac- tive measurement method to detect the development process of the overlying strata mining-induced fractures and their contained water quality in underground coal mining, which not only innovates a more simple-fast-reliable detection method, but also further expands the applications of radon gas detection technology in mining field. A 3D simulation design of comprehensive testing system for detecting strata mining-induced fractures on surface with radon gas (CTSR) was carried out by using a large-scale 3D solid model design software Pro/Engineer (Pro/E), which overcame three main disadvantages of ''static design thought, 2D planar design and heavy workload for remodification design'' on exiting design for mining engineering test systems. Meanwhile, based on the simulation design results of Pro/E software, the sta- bility of the jack-screw pressure bar for the key component in CTSR was checked with a material mechan- ics theory, which provided a reliable basis for materials selection during the latter machining process.

摘要：煤矿井下火灾气体的实时监测对于实现采空区自燃危险性辨识,防范重特大热动力灾害发生,保障煤矿安全生产至关重要。为解决现有非防爆型异地检测技术气体分析速度慢、系统误差大、无法实现原位在线监测的缺陷,在此提出基于非分光红外光谱(NDIR)技术的气体传感器浓度计算方法,推导了温度补偿后的NDIR传感器气体浓度计算公式;随后,以CO和CH_(4)为例计算了吸光度线性系数和温度修正系数,并进一步对比测试了CO、CO_(2)、CH_(4)和C_(2)H_(4)的计算精度和稳定性,结果表明基本误差和定量重复性均优于煤炭行业标准要求。基于NDIR技术设计了具有本质安全和防爆性能的监测主机、配套子系统及软件平台,以实现煤矿井下气体的就地采集、有源预处理、原位在线分析。现场应用表明:大南湖一矿NDIR气体在线监测与地面色谱分析的4种气体浓度偏差均在标准允许范围内。基于NDIR的气体监测系统具有精度高、分析速度快、安全性好等优点,已经在全国40余对矿井推广应用,为评价煤矿井下热动力灾害的发生发展状态、提升防灾减灾救灾能力提供了科学依据。

摘要：运用响应面方法和中央复合旋转实验设计方法对辉钼矿生物浸出过程中影响铜、钼和铼浸出的一些工艺条件进行了建模与优化。基于中央复合旋转实验设计方法,考察了3个主要因素对生物浸出的影响,即料液pH值、矿浆浓度、接种体浓度,其值分别为:pH1.46～2.14,矿浆浓度0.95%～11.05%,接种体浓度1.59%～18.41%。根据中央复合旋转设计方法进行20组生物浸出实验。根据所得到的铜、钼和铼浸出率的实验结果,基于3个考察因素对其分别建立了经验公式。在实验条件范围内,根据经验公式采用二次方程对获得最大的铜、钼和铼浸出率的工艺条件进行了优化。结果表明,获得最大的铜浸出率的工艺条件为:pH=1.68,矿浆浓度0.95%,接种体浓度18.41%;在此条件下,钼和铼的浸出率分别为2.18%和24.41%。铜、钼和铼浸出率的预测结果与实验结果吻合较好。考察了生物浸出中黄钾铁矾生成对浸出的影响。

摘要：巷道底鼓引起的围岩变形是影响中国西部煤矿安全高效生产的主要难题。为了实现对软岩巷道底鼓变形的有效控制,本文以榆树井煤矿11505工作面轨道巷为研究背景,基于极限平衡法和滑移线场理论,建立了软岩巷道底鼓模型,分析了底鼓控制机理并提出优化支护方法;采用FLAC软件模拟分析优化支护前后巷道围岩的位移场、应力场和塑性区,通过现场应用验证支护技术的可行性和适用性。结果表明:底鼓是软岩巷道围岩变形的主要形式,较合理的反底拱厚度为0.5 m,其支护效果良好;挤压破坏带和剪切破坏带分别受到拉伸破坏作用和剪切破坏作用,巷道围岩的改性和有效支护是软岩巷道底鼓控制的关键;数值模拟与理论计算得出的破坏范围基本一致,数值模拟与现场实测得到最大底鼓量分别为220 mm和240 mm,相对于原始方案分别减少55%和60%,两帮移近量明显减小。优化后的支护方案可以较好地控制巷道底鼓,对榆树井煤矿及西部矿区软岩巷道底鼓控制具有较好的工程实践意义,为软岩巷道支护设计提供有益参考。

摘要：According to a great deal of experimental findings and the oretical analysis, theperformance of SBR process treating organic substance and ammonia was presented for different operating pattern and aeration *** the operation mode is feeding water,anoxie mixing 2.5 h, settlement, and draining for 1.5 h, the coke plant wastewater can be treated well by the SBR method.

摘要：Based on the height of back-filled materials,thickness of ore body,height of boundary pillar and dipping angle of ore body and water pressure,the safety factors of all the pillars are calculated with the limit equilibrium *** calculation results present that the safety factors of pillars in Sections 19,20,24,28 are less than 1.3,and those of unstable sections are identified ***,a numerical investigation in Sections 18,20,22,24,25 and 28 implemented with numerical code RFPA2D is employed to further validate the pillar performance and the stability of *** numerical results show the pillars in Sections 18,22 and 24 are stable and the designed pillar size is *** width of the ore body near Section 28 averages 20 m,failure occurs in the left stope,but the boundary pillars near Section 28 maintain good *** pillars in Sections 20 and 25 are unstable which are mainly affected by the Faults F8 and *** existence of faults alters the stress distribution,failure mode and water inrush *** work provides a meaningful standard for boundary pillar and stope design in a mine as it transitions from an open pit to underground.

摘要：顶板预裂是控制潜在顶板型冲击风险的有效方法。本文采用不同预裂长度的细砂岩试样开展了三点弯曲加载试验,利用数字散斑方法(DSCM)和声发射技术(AE)对裂纹扩展全过程进行了监测,分析了预制裂隙对岩梁断裂的影响规律,揭示了岩梁断裂过程的力学机理,提出了顶板预裂设计方法,在济宁二号煤矿10303工作面进行了工程实践。研究结果表明:预裂岩梁的加载曲线表现出明显峰后特征;与完整岩梁相比,35 mm预裂岩梁的抗拉强度和最大拉应变分别降低了32.4%和33.1%,声发射b值增大了30.2%;10303工作面预裂施工后的最大微震能量和平均微震能量分别降低了25.6%和6.4%,厚层坚硬顶板预裂效果良好。

摘要：For further understanding of self-heating of coal,we tested the reactions of seven different ranks of coal under inert *** the test,50-gram of coal sample ranged from 0.18 mm to 0.38 mm was put into a special designed copper reaction vessel and let pure nitrogen to flow into the coal sample from the bottom at a rate of 100 mL/*** programmed temperature enclosure was run at a programmed rate of 0.8 °C/*** concentration of the carbon oxides and the coal temperature were *** results show that the coal reactions under inert atmosphere can generate CO and *** reactions under inert atmosphere are affected by coal ranks,initial pore structure of coal and sulfur *** low ranks of coal,the productions of carbon oxides are *** coal temperature is lower than the surrounding temperature throughout the reactions under inert atmosphere,but it rises quickly and reaches a crossing point temperature in the later stage under dry-air *** on the analysis,it indicates the self-reaction of initial active groups exists in the self-heating of coal besides the reactions in the two parallel reactions *** combustion of coal is due to both the oxidation heat accumulation and the chain reaction.A new reaction model of self-heating of coal was proposed.

摘要：层状双金属氢氧化物(LDHs)作为一种类水滑石薄膜,以其优异的特性在许多领域中具有广泛的应用.然而,现有的LDH膜制备路线具有大规模生长受限和不可控等问题.本文中,我们受一种草本植物“落地生根”(Bryophyllum Pinnatum)具有肆意生长特性的启发,首次引入可牺牲的共溅射锌-铝中间层作为“植物种子”,通过“局部溶解”和“溶液渗透”的结构转化机制在任意形状、大小及材质的基底材料上实现大规模、厚度可控的LDH膜制备.通过调控中间膜的成分、结构和表面形貌,设计具有不同特性的LDH转化膜.实验结果表明,所制备的LDH膜具有较大的厚度和多级微观结构的特性,在严苛的磨损条件下仍能实现良好的机械稳定性.另外,我们设计了一系列基于锌-铝单金属中间层的电偶模拟实验对LDH膜的化学转化机理进行了深入探究,解决了传统复杂水热过程中实时监测困难的问题.本工作不仅开发了一种制备具有多尺度特性的LDH转化膜的新策略,同时揭示了复杂的LDH原位转化机理,为拓宽LDH材料在先进智能材料上的实际应用提供了新的发展思路.

摘要：使用响应面方法对在摇动的生物反应器里浸出铜进行模拟和优化。采用中温细菌生物浸出低品位铜矿石,研究浸矿过程参数的影响,包括p H值、矿浆浓度、亚铁离子起始浓度。检测了浸出1、4、9、14和24天后的铜浸出率,对浸出时间对浸出率的影响进行建模。采用中心组合设计法(CCD)建立模型,以预测最佳参数值。采用二次方程建模对实验范围内浸出22天的参数进行优化,以达到最大铜浸出率。在最佳条件下(初始p H值2.0,矿浆浓度1.59%,亚铁离子浓度为0)模型预测的铜浸出率为85.98%,这非常接近实验结果(84.57%)。对p H值和矿浆浓度之间以及p H值和亚铁离子浓度之间的相互作用的影响进行研究。结果显示,亚铁离子起始浓度和矿浆浓度之间没有明显的相互作用,而且发现在最佳p H值和矿浆浓度下,铜的浸出率与亚铁离子起始浓度值没有关系。