摘要：Reducing crop loss to diseases is urgently needed to meet increasing food production challenges caused by the expanding world population and the negative impact of climate change on crop ***-resistant crops can be created by expressing endogenous or exogenous genes of interest through transgenic ***,enhanced resistance by overexpressing resistance-produced genes often results in adverse developmental *** open reading frames(uORFs)are translational control elements located in the 5′untranslated region(UTR)of eukaryotic mRNAs and may repress the translation of downstream *** investigate the function of three uORFs from the 5′-UTR of ACCELERATED CELL 11(uORFsACD11),we develop a fluorescent reporter system and find uORFsACD11 function in repressing downstream gene *** or simultaneous mutations of the three uORFsACD11 lead to repression of downstream translation efficiency at different ***,uORFsACD11-mediated translational inhibition is impaired upon recognition of pathogen attack of plant *** coupled with the PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENE 1(PR1)promoter,the uORFsACD11 cassettes can upregulate accumulation of Arabidopsis thaliana LECTIN RECEPTOR KINASE-VI.2(AtLecRKVI.2)during pathogen attack and enhance plant resistance to Phytophthora *** findings indicate that the uORFsACD11 cassettes can be a useful toolkit that enables a high level of protein expression during pathogen attack,while for ensuring lower levels of protein expression at normal conditions.

摘要：Rice blast and bacterial blight are important diseases of rice(Oryza sativa)caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae and the bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae ***(Xoo),*** rice varieties for broadspectrum resistance is considered the most effective and sustainable approach to controlling both *** dominant resistance genes have been extensively used in rice breeding and production,generating diseaseresistant varieties by altering susceptibility(S)genes that facilitate pathogen compatibility remains ***,using CRISPR/Cas9 technology,we generated loss-of-function mutants of the S genes Pi21 and Bsr-d1 and showed that they had increased resistance to *** also generated a knockout mutant of the S gene Xa5 that showed increased resistance to ***,a triple mutant of all three S genes had significantly enhanced resistance to both *** and ***,the triple mutant was comparable to the wild type in regard to key agronomic traits,including plant height,effective panicle number per plant,grain number per panicle,seed setting rate,and thousand-grain *** results demonstrate that the simultaneous editing of multiple S genes is a powerful strategy for generating new rice varieties with broadspectrum resistance.

摘要：【目的】棉蚜Aphis gossypii是世界各地室内和室外果树、蔬菜和观赏植物上最具危害性的害虫之一。这一害虫取食植物汁液,产生蜜露,传播植物病毒,对植物从质和量上产生破坏。为了控制温室中的这一害虫,植物精油可用作化学农药的替代药物。本实验研究了印度藏茴香Carum copticum植物精油对棉蚜成虫的熏蒸毒性。【方法】将研磨的印度藏茴香干种子用改良的挥发油提取器(Clevenger-type apparatus)进行水蒸馏。所有生物测定均在27±2℃,相对湿度65%±5%和光周期16L∶8D条件下进行。研究采用完全随机设计,6个处理(5个不同浓度的精油加对照)。每一浓度3次重复,每一重复20头成虫。【结果】结果表明,棉蚜成蚜接触印度藏茴香精油24 h后出现明显的死亡。该精油对棉蚜成蚜的致死中浓度(LC50)为1.21μL/L空气。棉蚜成蚜的死亡百分率对精油的施用表现出较高的敏感性。精油浓度为1.21μL/L空气时,估计的棉蚜的致死中时(LT50)为11.79 h。这一精油的熏蒸毒性与浓度和接触时间之间具有一定的相关性。GC/MS组分分析结果表明,该精油由18种化合物组成,最重要的是一些化合物引起了熏蒸毒性,如麝香草酚(占50.07%)、γ-萜品烯(占23.99%)和对异丙基苯甲烷(占22.90%)。【结论】本研究结果表明印度藏茴香植物精油对棉蚜具有较好的杀虫效果。印度藏茴香精油对棉蚜产生较大的影响,由于它具有较高的熏蒸毒性潜力,因此可在温室中用于这一害虫的综合治理。

摘要：Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici （Pst） is the obligate biotrophic fungus responsible for stripe rust wheat. In this study, we developed and characterized 20 polymorphic microsatelUte markers from the genomic sequence of an isolate of Chinese Pst race C^32. Polymorphism at each simple sequence repeat （SSR） locus was determined using 32 Pst isolates from 7 countries. The number of alleles varied from 2 to 7 across isolates, and the observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.33 to 0.97 （mean 0.62） and 0.23 to 0.73 （mean 0.51 ）, respectively. As expected the genomic SSR markers were more polymorphic than the expressed sequence tag （EST）-SSR markers developed previously. These markers will be more useful for population genetics and molecular genetics studies in Pst.

摘要：This study aimed to achieve rapid detection of Pseudomonas syringae ***,the pathogen of tobacco wildfire *** specific primers and probes for recombinase-aided amplification(RAA)were designed with HrpZ as the target *** was then combined with the lateral flow dipstick(LFD)to establish a LFD-RAA-based rapid detection system for the ***,the detection performance of the established method was *** results showed that the LFDRAA method had high *** amplification could be completed after 25 min of reaction at 39℃.The sensitivity of the established method reached 0.0001 ng/μL,which was superior to that of PCR ***,the LFD-RAA method could quickly detect *** *** from tobacco leaves,demonstrating field *** sum up,the LFD-RAA method established in this study can be applied in the rapid detection and early diagnosis of tobacco wildfire disease.