摘要：Objective:This study aimed to assess the perception of caring behaviors and associated factors among nurses and midwives who provided maternal health care services at Sidama region public hospitals,Hawassa,***:An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was used on a sample of 269 nurses and midwives working in maternity wards in Sidama region public hospitals.A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect *** and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with nurses’and midwives’perceptions of caring ***:Totally 261 nurses and midwives participated the *** on the mean score,participants’perception of caring behavior was classified as higher and *** to this study,75.1%(196/261)of nurses and midwives demonstrated a higher perception of caring ***’age,professional satisfaction,personal satisfaction,midwife/nurse-doctor relationship and workload were significantly associated with their perception of caring ***:Assessing the nurses’and midwives’perception of caring behavior and related factors is crucial for providing high-quality nursing and midwifery *** is suggested to create a positive and conducive caring behavior in the organization by reducing excessive workload of nurses and midwives,as well as enhancing nurse/midwife-doctor relationship,and increasing their job satisfaction by providing recognition and reward will improve nurses’and midwives’caring behavior.

摘要：An investigation into the effect of several novel well-designed guanidinium salt ionic liquids（GILs） on inhibitting tumor growth is described. The GILs which have longer alkyl chain（6-18 carbon atoms） exhibit the high cytotoxicity to Hela299, B16 and SMMC-7721 cells so as to inhibit their proliferation. The inhibitory effect of the most effective GILl2 is about 10-fold higher than that of MMC（a common chemotherapy drug in clinic）.

摘要：Objective： To examine factors of the youth physical activity promotion （YPAP） model that are associated with Chinese international students＇ meeting PA recommendations （MPAR）. Methods： A total of 649 （females = 320, males = 329） Chinese international college students participated in the study. This study was conducted in the United States （US.） between June and August in 2011. Participants completed an online survey regarding their demographic, PA, predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors. Results： Logistic nested-regression analysis suggested that being male, having a higher body mass index, perceived competence, self-efficacy, attitude, and enjoyment all increased （p 〈 0.001） the participants＇ odds of MPAR. Except language barriers, all of the enabling and reinforcing factors predicted MPAR indirectly through the predisposing factors （p 〈 0.001）. Conclusion： Understanding factors that influence PA among Chinese international students is an important step in the process of promoting their long-term health and wellbeing. Designing program that address the identified key factors may help colleges and universities achieve this goal.

摘要：Background:The nanotechnology boom and the ability to manufacture novel nanomaterials have led to increased production and use of engineered nanoparticles(ENPs).However,the increased use of various ENPs inevitably results in their release in or the contamination of the environment,which poses significant threats to human *** recent years,extraordinary economic and societal benefits of nanoproducts as well as their potential risks have been observed and widely *** estimate whether ENPs are safe from the onset of their manufacturing to their disposal,evaluation of the toxicological effects of ENPs on human exposure,especially on more sensitive and vulnerable sectors of the population(infants and children)is *** sources:Papers were obtained from PubMed,Web of Science,and Google *** search words included:"nanoparticles","infants","children","exposure","toxicity",and all relevant ***:A brief overview was conducted to 1)characterize potential exposure routes of ENPs for infants and children;2)describe the vulnerability and particular needs of infants and children about ENPs exposure;3)investigate the current knowledge about the potential health hazards of ENPs;and 4)provide suggestions for future research and regulations in ENP ***:As the manufacturing and use of ENPs become more widespread,directed and focused studies are necessary to measure actual exposure levels and to determine adverse health consequences in infants and children.

摘要：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy,safety,satisfaction,discomfort and patient preference of moxa cones of artemisia vulgaris and charcoal ***:This comparative study of moxibustion treatment with Artemisia vulgaris and charcoal moxa cone stimulating Zhongwan(CV 12) is a cross-over single-blinded,randomized clinical trial.A total of 40 healthy subjects(24 males and 16females) participated in this *** subjects dropped out of the ***-eight subjects were treated with Artemisia vulgaris and charcoal moxa cones for 30 min in a cross-over *** treatment,the patients underwent a 30 minute waiting period,and then the temperatures at Tanzhong(CV 17),Zhongwan(CV 12) and Guanyuan(CV 4) were measured using digital infrared thermal ***:After the use of Artemisia vulgaris moxa,the patients' body temperatures were slightly lowered at Tanzhong(CV 17),Zhongwan(CV 12)and Guanyuan(CV 4),but the changes were not statistically *** the use of charcoal moxa,the patients' body temperatures were somewhat increased at Zhongwan(CV 12) and Guanyuan(CV 4),but the changes were not statistically *** Artemisia vulgaris moxa use,the body temperature difference between Zhongwan(CV 12) and Guanyuan(CV 4)was significantly *** charcoal moxa use,the body temperature difference between Tanzhong(CV 17) and Zhongwan(CV 12) was significantly decreased in males and in the whole *** change was caused by the difference in the moxibustion type and by gender ***:This pilot study found that moxibustion did not raise the body temperature,but temperature differences between acupoints were *** large-scale randomized controlled trials are needed for the effect of moxibustion on body temperature.

摘要：The pedagogy employed in health care education must continually be questioned and expanded. Student nurses must be prepared for nursing practice that continually changes, consequently alternative concepts in nurse education must be considered. The aims were to provide student nurses with reflection skills and to evaluate the potential of studying the reflective process using visual art at a museum as an enriched activity in education. A pedagogical program with Gibbs’ reflection model was used as a complement. The study was conducted at a University college of health Sciences in Sweden in collaboration with a visual art museum. Data were collected during a period of three years. A random sample (n = 35 of n = 98 students’ reports) was selected for qualitative analysis. The painting by George-Pierre Seurat, Seated woman was used as a source of inspiration. Analysis was conducted of the excerpts generated from the steps in Gibbs’ reflection model and from students’ evaluations of the teaching-learning structure. The results show that students were able to build hypothetical situations around the character depicted in the painting. They observed and described a great many aspects of the reflective process. The chosen painting was regarded as suitable for its purpose, and a source of inspiration. It could be interpreted as a patient you might meet in clinical practice. The students′ evaluations show that they became aware of knowledge they had not thought of before, and a way of taking a step closer to clinical practice. It could be concluded that art museum could be regarded as a stimulating environment that nurtured the reflective process. Consequently, visual art museums have to be considered as possible teaching learning milieus to be used in nurse education. It is to be hoped that this study will contribute to further development of visual art museums as teaching learning settings.

摘要：Background: In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), recent studies revealed increasing consumption of animal products and refined foods in the diet at the expense of vegetables and fruits. These dietary changes were accused of increasing the prevalence of both overweight and obesity observed among Saudi children, adolescences and adults in the last few decades. Objectives: The present study was a cross sectional study aimed at exploring the BMI distribution among students of college of Sciences and Arts for girls Khamis Mushayt Campus 1 at King Khalid University (KKU) and investigated how Dietary habits of students female affected body mass index (BMI). Methods: A total of 240 female students aged 18 - 22 years were about 25% from total students randomly chosen from college of Arts and Science Campus 1 at Khamis Mushayt, King Khalid University, KSA for the present study. A self-reported questionnaire about the student’s dietary habits was conducted and their body mass index (BMI) was measured. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software and Chi-square test conducted for variables. Results: About half of the students (47%) were within normal weight, 27.4% were under weight, 16% were overweight and 9.6% were categorized obese. The majority of the students reported eating meals with their family while more than half of sample (58.7%) had eating meals during watching TV. It was worth mentioning that 84.5% of students reported eating snacks such as chocolate and chips 3 or more times per week. There were no significant differences between BMI category and dietary habits. Conclusion and Recommendations: There were no significant difference between body mass index category and dietary habits. Increasing educational programs introduced healthy dietary concepts to improve the dietary habits of female students.

摘要：规律的体力活动有助于提高人的健康状况及生活质量。然而,美国《2020健康人群》中的数据显示,仅有18.8%的美国成年人达到了《2008美国人体力活动指南》(2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans)中提出的有关有氧活动和强壮肌肉活动的推荐量。为此,美国在提高居民体力活动水平上做出了不懈的努力。本文简要介绍美国为促进全民体力活动采取的主要策略、有助于体力活动干预研究的政策分析框架、行为改变理论及3项研究实例。2010年,美国出台了《全民体力活动促进计划》(The National Physical Activity Plan,NPAP),该计划包含了政策推荐、实践经验及措施等一系列增加居民体力活动的策略,试图通过在全国范围内营造"活跃的生活方式"的文化氛围,促进更多人达到《2008美国人体力活动指南》中的体力活动推荐量。《全民体力活动促进计划》的内容涉及公共卫生、教育、城市规划、医疗保健、企业及行业、休闲娱乐及运动健身、非营利机构和大众传媒在内的8个领域,共有5个总策略、52个特定部门的策略及相对应的215个分策略,且部分策略制定了一年及五年目标。2011年,专家组对《全民体力活动促进计划》进行了过程评价,以监督计划的实施情况,并为计划的改进提供建议。过程评价采用定性及定量研究方法,对一年内开展的活动、目标完成情况、经验教训等进行总结。这一年内,《全民体力活动促进计划》的实施取得了可喜成绩,但仍存在诸多挑战,如缺乏长期的资金支持、各领域之间需加强沟通及合作、计划内容需及时更新以保证与体力活动及公共卫生领域的发展同步等。人的体力活动是一种复杂的行为,按照不同行为改变理论,其影响因素亦不同。许多科学研究及实践已经采用行为改变理论为指导进行体力活动的干预,以保证干预效果。有些行为改变理论(如生态学模型)认为,支持性政策是促进行为改变的有效手段之一。在制定支持性政策的复杂过程中,政策分析框架将有助于政策的设计及对政策实施效果进行评估。本文简要介绍常用于促进体力活动增加的政策分析框架:社区行动模型(Community Action Model)、RE-AIM框架(RE-AIM Framework)和健康影响评估(health Impact Assessment),以及常用于促进体力活动增加的行为改变理论:生态学模型(Ecological Model)、社会认知理论(Social Cognitive Theory)和跨理论模型(Transtheoretical Model)。本文还通过3项研究实例,增加读者对生活方式干预研究的进一步认识。本文希望通过对当前美国有关体力活动促进的经验介绍,为制定或完善体力活动计划及体力活动干预方案提供参考。

摘要：The present study aimed at determining whether short-term exposure to art in shared common areas in congregate housing units could affect health and health determinants among the residents. Ten residents (mean age 80.4 years) at one block were exposed to visual art environmental enrichment in common areas over a period of three months. Thirteen persons (mean age 86.6 years) living in another block played in-house boule. Cornell’s test, Mini-Mental tests (MMT), and face recognition test were performed to assess depression, cognition, and episodic memory, respectively before and after the intervention. The results show that visual art environmental enrichment in common areas and lack of stimulating and guiding dialogues show a change in depression scores in the intervention group (p = 0.018) and the control group (p = 0.009). MMT scores improved only in the control group (p = 0.003). No changes in episodic memory in any of the groups were observed. It could be concluded that in order to obtain a positive result of short term visual art environmental enrichment, guiding art dialogues conducted by nurses, as described in previous research, should be added to visual art environmental enrichment in healthcare settings.

摘要：实施科学是一门研究方法的学科,旨在实践和政策中促进循证干预措施的系统实施,进而改善健康。尽管实施研究需要高质量的证据,但实施策略的随机试验往往存在较为严重的局限性。这些局限性包括存在偏倚风险、缺乏理论运用、缺乏描述实施策略标准术语、局限于实施结局以及不充分报告。本文旨在对实施策略随机试验的设计、实施和报告提供指导,以提升循证实施科学。由研究人员、卫生政策制订者和实践者组成的国际小组整合了构建随机试验方法的重要文献和实施科学的最新进展。本文为实施策略随机试验的主要内容提供指导,包括试验目的阐明、试验中人员招募和保留策略、随机设计的选择、实施科学理论和框架的使用、测量(结局指标)、样本量计算、伦理审查和试验报告。本文也关注了实施试验中需要特别重视或调整的主题。为了推进实施策略随机试验的严格开展和报告,我们建议将本指南作为研究人员、卫生保健和公共卫生政策制订者或实践者、研究资助者和期刊编辑的参考资料。