摘要：Many rock avalanches were triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008 in southwest China. Protection galleries covered with a single soil layer are usually used to protect against rockfall. Since one-layer protection galleries do not have sufficient buffer capacity, a two-layered absorbing system has been designed. This study aims to find whether an expanded poly-styrol （EPS） cushion, which is used in the soil-covered protection galleries for shock absorption, could be positioned under dynamic loadings. The dynamic impacts of the two-layered absorbing system under the conditions of rock avalanches are numerically simulated through a 2D discrete dement method. By selecting reasonable parameters, a series of numerical experiments were conducted to find the best combination for the two- layered absorbing system. The values of the EPS layer area as a percentage of the total area were set as 0% （Sl）, 22~ （S2）, and 70% （$3）. 22~ of the area of the EPS layer was found to be a reasonable value, and experiments were conducted to find the best position of the EPS layer in the two-layered absorbing system. The numerical results yield useful conclusions regarding the interaction between the impacting avalanches and the two-layered absorbing system. The soil layer can absorb the shock energy effectively and S2 （0.4-m thick EPS cushion covered with soil layer） is the most efficient combination, which can reduce the impact force, compared with the other combinations.

摘要：Soil shear strength is an important indicator of engineering design and an essential parameter of soil precision tillage and agricultural machinery and equipment design. Although numerous studies have investigated the characteristics of different soil shear strengths, only a few of these works have paid attention to soils containing considerable quantities of rock fragments. To date, most studies on the effects of rock fragments on the shear strength have paid attention to the role of rock fragments with sizes 〉2 mm. The effects of rock fragments 〈2 mm in soil are generally ignored. Similar to rock fragments 〉2 ram, the presence of rock fragments 〈2 mm could also change the mechanical properties of soils. Thus, in the present study we evaluated the potential influence of 〈2 mm rock fragments on soil shear strength via an unconsolidated undrained （UU） triaxial compression test. Our results were as follows： （1） A certain quantity of 〈2 mm rock fragments presented in purple soils developed from clay rocks; and an appropriate quantity of 〈2 mm rock fragments could improve the shear strength of soils. （2） The different PSDs of soils containin 〈2 mm rock fragment mainly caused variations in the internal friction angle of soils. （3） The shear strengths of the two mudstone-developed red-brown and gray-brown purple soils was more sensitive to water than that of the shale-developed coarse-dark purple soil. As the soil water content increased from 9% to 23%, the changes in the cohesion, internal friction angle, shear strength, and the maximum principal stress difference were smaller in the coarse dark purple soil than in the two other soils. We therefore concluded that 〈2 mm rock fragments in purple soils exerted important effects on soil shear strength. A better understanding of the differences among the shear strength features of purple soils could help improve the design of agricultural machinery and equipment.

摘要：Molecular simulations are widely used to model molecularly imprinted polymers(MIPs)in order to enliance their adsorption and *** this study,chloramphenicol(CAP)and acrylamide(AM)were used as the template and flinctional monomer,respectively,and pentaenlhritol triacrylate(PETA),ethylene glycol dimethacrylate(EGDMA),and trimethvlolpropane trimethvlacrylate(TRIM)were used as cross-linking *** 6oB97XD/6-31 density functional theory method was employed to simulate binding sites,binding energy,the number of hydrogen bonds,the imprinted molar ratio,which produced the most stable complex,and the interaction *** cross-linking agent was optimized based on the binding *** atoms in molecules theory were used to study the nature of the imprinting *** theoretical calculations revealed that CAP and AM fonned ordered complexes via hydrogen bonding interactions when the molar ratio between CAP and AM was 1:7 using TRIM as the cross-linking *** CAP-AM complex(molar ratio 1:7)had the most stable structure,the largest number of hydrogen bonds,and the smallest *** experimental results indicate that the CAP-MIPs ionncd perfect microspheres with an average particle size of 314 *** chard plot analysis showed that the CAP-MIPs had only one type of binding site over thestudied concentration *** dissociation equilibriinn constant and maximum apparent adsorption capacities were 1887.35 mg/L(5.84 mmol/L)and 155.56 mg/g(0.482 mmol/g),respectively.

摘要：In this study, taking cultivated land fertility evaluation data for example, we conducted a preliminary study of GIS theory and spatial data management, and construct the frame system of mobile structure based on the three layer structure model of application layer, business logic layer and data layer. Then we established a spatial data storage model, which has unified the data standards and achieved the management of spatial data and attribute database. Taking ArcGIS API for iOS as GIS platform, Xcode as the tool, we have realized the functions of data integration, data query, data statistics and fertilization recommendation, and constructed the management and service platform of mobile fertilization expert system.

摘要：g-C3N4 is a hot visible light photocatalyst. However, the fast recombination of photogenerated electron- hole pairs leads to unsatisfactory photocatalytic efficiencies. In this study, Mg/O co-decorated amorphous carbon nitride (labeled as MgO-CN) with a unique electronic structure was designed and prepared via a combined experimental and theoretical approach. The results showed that the MgO-CN exhibited an increased light absorption ability and promoted charge separation efficiency. The Mg and O co-decoration created a unique structure that could generate localized electrons around O atoms and enhance the reactant activation capacities via the C→O←Mg route. This could dramatically promote the O2 molecule activation on the catalyst surface to generate reactive species (?O2 –/?OH). The optimized MgO-CN exhibited a high photocatalytic activity for the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride in water, which was five times higher than that of pristine g-C3N4. The present work could provide a new strategy for modifying the electronic structure of g-C3N4 and enhancing its performance for environmental applications.

摘要：Photoelectrocatalytic water splitting is an effective way to utilize the solar energy to solve the energy shortage. The valence band edge of WO3 located at 3V vs. normal hydrogen electrode（NHE）, which can offer enough potential to kinetically oxidize water for oxygen evolution reaction. However, water oxidation reaction kinetics is sluggish when only WO3 is used as the photoanode. It is highly desirable to use cocatalyst to promote the kinetics. Mn Oxloaded on the WO3 photoanode through photodeposition methods improves the photoelectrochemical water oxidation performance. A maximum photocurrent density of composite photoanode is achieved with a deposition time of 3 min, which is higher than that of pristine WO3 photoanode around 40%. Mn O2 is not only a cocatalyst for water splitting but also for improving oxidation selectivity. We tried to use two means to load Mn Oxon WO3 photoanode material. It is observed that loading a moderate amount of Mn Oxon the WO3 by photodeposition can promote the performance of the WO3 photoanode.

摘要：The instability of soil bank slopes induced by freeze-thaw cycles at the northern foot of Tianshan Mountain is very *** failure not only caused a large amount of soil erosion,but also led to serious reservoir sedimentation and water quality degradation,which exerted a lot of adverse effects on agricultural production in the local irrigation *** on field investigations on dozens of irrigation reservoirs there,laboratory tests were carried out to quantitatively analyze the freeze-thaw effect on the soil engineering characteristics to reveal the facilitation on the bank slope *** results show that the softening characteristics of the stressstrain curves gradually weaken,the effective cohesions decline exponentially,the seepage coefficients enlarge,and the thermal conductivities decrease after 7 freeze-thaw *** freeze-thaw effect on the specimens with low confining pressures,low dry densities and high water contents is more *** water migration and the phase transition between water and ice result in the variations of the soil internal microstructures,which is the main factor affecting the soil engineering *** water supply and the alternation of positive and negative temperatures at the reservoir bank slopes in cold regions make the water migration and phase transition in the soil very *** is easy to form a large number of pores and micro cracks in the soil freezing and thawing *** volume changes of the soil and the water migration are difficult to reach a dynamic balance in the open ***-term freeze-thaw cycles will bring out the fragmentation of the soil particles,resulting in that the micro cracks on the soil surfaces are developing *** soil of the bank slopes will fall or collapse when these cracks penetrate,which often happens in winter there.

摘要：The construction of water conservancy projects in cold regions experiences freezing-thawing cycles,which can greatly change the engineering properties of soil and have a significant impact on the construction of *** Hydropower Station(LHS),is a controlling station with the largest installed capacity among the 7 middle reach projects in the Yalong River,the secondary tributary of the Yangtze *** is located in a seasonally frozen soil *** on the measured data of air and ground temperature in winter in the dam core wall,the freezing-thawing variation of gravelly soil and contact clay during the filling process of the core wall are compared and analyzed,then the main impact factors of the freezing-thawing variation of soils are *** results show that under the influence of air temperature,soil freezes unidirectionally from ground surface downward and deepens gradually,and the thawing processes are different at the aspects of thawing direction and *** temperature and physical properties of soil including soil type,moisture content and dry density affect the freezingthawing processes of *** the impact of engineering construction is more remarkable than natural *** engineering construction affects soil temperature and freezing-thawing process by controlling the initial temperature of soil,the speed and duration of the technological conversion of paving,compaction,and the length of placed duration at *** to the long placed duration of soil with the slow construction method,the initial temperature of soil gradually reduces,the heat transfer process inside soil is *** the internal heat of soil releases,the decreasing rate of ground temperature of soil at different depths is fast and the frozen depth *** due to the short placed duration of soil with the rapid construction process,the initial temperature of soil is high,high internal heat of soil is supplied every day,and the heat transfer process in

摘要：Wave climate plays an important role in the air-sea interaction over marginal seas. Extreme wave height provides fundamental information for various ocean engineering practices, such as hazard mitigation, coastal structure design, and risk assessment. In this paper, we implement a third generation wave model and conduct a high-resolution wave hindcast over the East China Sea to reconstruct a 15-year wave field from 1988 to 2002 for derivation of monthly mean wave parameters and analysis of extreme wave conditions. The numerical results of the wave field are validated through comparison with satellite altimetry measurements, low-resolution reanalysis, and the ocean wave buoy record. The monthly averaged wave height and wave period show seasonal variation and refined spatial patterns of surface waves in the East China Sea. The climatological significant wave height and mean wave period decrease from the open ocean in the southeast toward the continental area in the northwest, with the pattern generally following the bathymetry. Extreme analysis on the significant wave height at the buoy station indicates the hindcast data underestimate the extreme values relative to the observations. The spatial pattern of extreme wave height shows single peak emerges at the southwest of Ryukyu Island although a wind forcing with multi-core structure at the extreme is applied.

摘要：Lying on the northwest of Nihewan Basin, Houjiayao Site was discovered 40 years ago. But there is still a controversy about the existence age and the living environment of Houjiayao ancient human. Based on the geological investigations, electrical resistivity sounding and altitude measuring, authors of this paper attempt to do a research on stratigraphic structure and the development of the ancient river in Houjiayao Site, and to interpret the above problems. The results are as follows:(1) An ancient river, which came from Xionger Mountain in the north of the Site, developed in Houjiayao Site, and its width was more than 1 km. The ancient river formed before 240 ka B.P., and disappeared in the early stage of the late Pleistocene, and its developing history ran through the entire living stage of Houjiayao ancient human.(2) The Site cultural relics were not buried in the lacustrine facies, but in the oxbow lake sediments of the ancient river and clay layer which laid on the oxbow lake sediments unconformably during the period of 224-161 ka B.P., and it indicated that the Houjiayao ancient people lived here for as long as 60 ka years.(3) The Site looked like a wide armchair faced southeast, and it provided a relatively mild and comfortable environment for the ancient. The ancient river provided the ancient human with water, and the superior eco-environment also provided plentiful food for the ancient human. Xionger Mountain was not only the source of the ancient river, but also the producing area for high quality stone materials. The old river carried stone materials to the Site, making it easier to make stone implements. Hence, the ancient human, who lived in cold weather, were more likely to choose better habitats such as the Houjiayao Site near the ancient river.(4) The old river embedded in the lacustrine facies, so the content of silt was high, and it was feculent. And the water of the oxbow lake near Houjiayao Site was clear and slow. What's more, with plentiful