摘要：Background: In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), recent studies revealed increasing consumption of animal products and refined foods in the diet at the expense of vegetables and fruits. These dietary changes were accused of increasing the prevalence of both overweight and obesity observed among Saudi children, adolescences and adults in the last few decades. Objectives: The present study was a cross sectional study aimed at exploring the BMI distribution among students of college of sciences and Arts for girls Khamis Mushayt Campus 1 at King Khalid University (KKU) and investigated how Dietary habits of students female affected body mass index (BMI). Methods: A total of 240 female students aged 18 - 22 years were about 25% from total students randomly chosen from college of Arts and Science Campus 1 at Khamis Mushayt, King Khalid University, KSA for the present study. A self-reported questionnaire about the student’s dietary habits was conducted and their body mass index (BMI) was measured. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software and Chi-square test conducted for variables. Results: About half of the students (47%) were within normal weight, 27.4% were under weight, 16% were overweight and 9.6% were categorized obese. The majority of the students reported eating meals with their family while more than half of sample (58.7%) had eating meals during watching TV. It was worth mentioning that 84.5% of students reported eating snacks such as chocolate and chips 3 or more times per week. There were no significant differences between BMI category and dietary habits. Conclusion and Recommendations: There were no significant difference between body mass index category and dietary habits. Increasing educational programs introduced healthy dietary concepts to improve the dietary habits of female students.

摘要：Although nitrogen （N） loss through runoff and leaching from croplands is suspected to contribute to the deterioration of surrounding water systems, there is no conclusive evidence for paddy soils to prove this hypothesis. In this study, field plot experiments were conducted to investigate N losses through runoff and leaching for two consecutive years with 3 N fertilization rates in rice （Oryza sativa L.）-wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） rotations in the Taihu Lake region, China. A water collection system was designed to collect runoff and leachates for both the rice and wheat seasons. Results showed that dissolved N （DN）, rather than particulate N （PN）, was the main form of N loss by runoff. The NO3^--N concentration in runoff was between 0.1 and 43.7 mg L^-1, whereas the NH4^＋-N concentration ranged from below detection limit to 8.5 mg L^-1. Total N （TN） loads by runoff were 1.0-17.9 and 5.2-38.6 kg ha^-1 during rice and wheat seasons, respectively, and the main loss occurred at the early growing stage of the crops. Nitrogen concentrations in leachates during the rice seasons were below 1.0 mg L^-1 and independent of the N application rate, whereas those during the wheat season increased to 8.2 mg L^-1 and were affected by the fertilizer rate. Annual losses of TN through runoff and leaching were 13.7-48.1 kg ha^-1 from the rice-wheat cropping system, accounting for 5.6%-8.3% of the total applied N. It was concluded that reduction in the N fertilization rate, especially when the crop was small in biomass, could lower the N pollution potential for water systems.

摘要：Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)are garnering significant interest in photocatalytic CO_(2) ***,their limited efficiency in separating photogenerated carriers and the scarcity of catalytic sites lead to suboptimal photocatalytic *** we develop a molecular engineering approach to design a pyrene-based COF(PyTa-H COF)confined cobalt single atoms photocatalyst(Co SACs)for CO_(2) *** moiety is introduced to enhance visible-light harvesting capability and improve charge separation in the ***,Co SACs enhance the photocatalytic activity by accelerating the migration of photo-induced carriers and reducing the reaction energy of the rate-determining ***,PyTa-H@Co achieves a CO production rate of 18.36 mmol g^(−1) h^(−1) and a selectivity of 94%in 4 h under visible light irradiation,which is comparable to the reported best-performing *** functional theory calculations reveal that the Co SACs greatly stabilize*COOH and significantly reduce the energy of the decisive step,leading to outstanding photocatalytic *** work,through molecular engineering design,highlights the critical relationship between catalyst structure and function in enhancing photocatalytic efficiency.

摘要：Conjugated polymers exhibit exceptional adaptability in flexible thin-film transistors,owing to their inherent flexibility and high charge ***,achieving conjugated polymers that demonstrate both high mobility and stability under mechanical stress,such as bending or stretching,remains a significant *** this study,we synthesized an ethylene-bridged conjugated polymer,PDPPVIDT,derived from methyl-side diketopyrrolopyrrole(DPP)and indacenodithiophene(IDT)aldehydes,using an environmentally friendly Knoevenagel condensation reaction under mild conditions,resulting in a moderate yield with promising *** characterization techniques revealed enhanced backbone planarity with stableπ-πstacking,while thin films of PDPPVIDT displayed a nearamorphous nature due to the conformational isomerism of the ethylene *** structure enables simultaneous charge transport and ***,flexible organic thinfilm transistor(OTFT)devices based on PDPPVIDT demonstrated excellent hole mobility(μh)reaching up to 1.70 cm^(2) V^(−1) s^(−1),along with high mechanical bending *** work underscores the potential of vinyl-bridged donor-acceptor conjugated polymers,highlighting the industrial adaptability of their production process and offering new insights for the design and synthesis of future flexible electronic materials.

摘要：In recent years,chiral inorganic nanomaterials have become promising candidates for applications in sensing,catalysis,biomedicine,and *** nanomaterials with an intrinsic chiral structure exhibit intriguing geometry‑dependent optical chirality,which benefits the combination of plasmonic characteristics with *** advances in the biomolecule‑directed geometric control of intrinsically chiral plasmonic nanomaterials have further provided great opportunities for their widespread applications in many emerging technological *** this review,we present the recent progress in biosensing using chiral inorganic nanomaterials,with a particular focus on electrochemical and enzyme‑mimicking catalytic *** paper commences with a review of the basic tenets underlying chiral nanocatalysts,incorporating the chiral ligand‑induced mechanism and the architectures of intrinsically chiral ***,it methodically expounds upon the applications of chiral nanocatalysts in the realms of electrochemical biosensing and enzyme‑mimicking catalytic biosensing ***,it proffers a prospective view of the hurdles and prospects that accompany the deployment of chiral nanoprobes for nascent biosensing *** rational design of the chiral nanoprobes,it is envisioned that biosensing with increasing sensitivity and resolution toward the single‑molecule level can be achieved,which will substantially promote sensing applications in many emerging interdisciplinary areas.

摘要：A streamfunction projection method called gravest empirical mode(GEM) is applied to the hydrographic section at 137°E to filter out eddy noises in the western North Pacific and derive quantitative ensemble-average water mass properties in the North Equatorial Current region. The GEM fields capture more than 80% of total property variances in the thermocline layer. The core layer structures of key water masses, including the North Pacific Tropical Water(NPTW) and the North Pacific Intermediate Water(NPIW), are examined with a definition of water mass boundary based on property gradient. It shows that a tongue of maximal root-mean-square(RMS) residual exists in the upper half of NPIW for all water properties. These subsurface RMS tongues appear to be close to sharp property gradients. It is the first time a GEM diagnosis is applied to nutrient data, which reveals a drastic difference of N/P reaction rate ratio above and below the maximal-nutrient core at 1250 m. Additionally, a GEM velocity reconstruction successfully produces the North Equatorial Undercurrent(NEUC), demonstrating the stable thermal-wind nature of this newly-discovered current.

摘要：A novel assembly control algorithm named burst-size feedback adaptive assembly period （BFAAP） is proposed. The major difference between BFAAP and other similar adaptive assembly algorithms is that the control curve of BFAAP is dynamically adjusted according to the feedback of outgoing burst size. BFAAP is compared with two typical algorithms fixed assembly period （FAP） and min-burst length max- assembly period （MBMAP） in simulation in terms of burst size distribution and assembly period. Moreover, the transmission control protocol （TCP） performance over BFAAP is also considered and simulated.

摘要：The architecture of and the corresponding control algorithm for a devised optical cross-connect, limited- range wavelength converision wavelength interchangeable cross-connect （L-WIXC）, are presented. The performances of L-WIXC including blocking probability, switching time, and throughput are simulated. Cost comparison with wavelength selective cross-connect （WSXC） and WIXC is calculated. Key optical parameters, such as crosstalk, eye diagram, bit error rate, and linear Q factor, are measured and discussed.

摘要：The three-dimensional discontinuous deformation analysis(3D-DDA) is a promising numerical method for both static and dynamic analyses of rock systems. Lacking mature software, its popularity is far behind its ability. To address this problem, this paper presents a new software architecture from a software engineering viewpoint. Based on 3D-DDA characteristics, the implementation of the proposed architecture has the following merits. Firstly, the software architecture separates data, computing, visualization, and signal control into individual modules. Secondly, data storage and parallel access are fully considered for different conditions. Thirdly, an open computing framework is provided which supports most numerical computing methods; common tools for equation solving and parallel computing are provided for further development. Fourthly, efficient visualization functions are provided by integrating a variety of visualization algorithms. A user-friendly graphical user interface is designed to improve the user experience. Finally, through a set of examples, the software is verified against both analytical solutions and the original code by Dr. Shi Gen Hua.

摘要：In order to integrate heterogeneous location-aware systems into pervasive computing environment,a novel pervasive computing location-aware model based on ontology is presented.A location-aware model ontology(LMO)is *** location-aware model has the capabilities of sharing knowledge,reasoning and adjusting the usage policies of services dynamically through a unified semantic location *** last,the work process of our proposed location-aware model is explained by an application scenario.