摘要：植物品种培育的关键是寻找优良基因.通过理性设计对植物关键酶进行改造,有望为植物品种培有提供新的优良基因.NtGGPPSI是烟草类胡萝卜素合成途径的限速酶,ntggppsl突变体类胡萝卜含量显著降低.对NtGGPPS1进行理性设计,重塑酶与底物的结合口袋,构建单点饱和突变体文库.通过高通量的细菌颜色实验进行筛选,获.得5个可以显著提升酶活性的氨基酸位点,进一步对以上位点进行迭代组合突变获得酶活性最高的5突变体d-NtGGPPS1(V154A/1161L/F218Y/1209S/V233E).相对于NtGGPPSI,理性设计的d-NtGGPPSI可以将底物IPP和共同底物DMAPP转化为GGPP的效率提高约1995.5倍,能够将GPP或FPP转化产生GGPP的效率提高约25.9或16.7倍.将d-NtGGPPSI回补到ntggppsI突变体可以显著提升叶片类胡萝卜含量,生物量及光合作用效率.该研究表明理性设计GGPPS可以提升植物的产量和品质性状,并为未来通过理性设计获得植物优良基因提供新的突破口.

摘要：The three-dimensional discontinuous deformation analysis(3D-DDA) is a promising numerical method for both static and dynamic analyses of rock systems. Lacking mature software, its popularity is far behind its ability. To address this problem, this paper presents a new software architecture from a software engineering viewpoint. Based on 3D-DDA characteristics, the implementation of the proposed architecture has the following merits. Firstly, the software architecture separates data, computing, visualization, and signal control into individual modules. Secondly, data storage and parallel access are fully considered for different conditions. Thirdly, an open computing framework is provided which supports most numerical computing methods; common tools for equation solving and parallel computing are provided for further development. Fourthly, efficient visualization functions are provided by integrating a variety of visualization algorithms. A user-friendly graphical user interface is designed to improve the user experience. Finally, through a set of examples, the software is verified against both analytical solutions and the original code by Dr. Shi Gen Hua.

摘要：沉积颜料是在湖、海洋的生态系统的浮游植物生物资源，社区结构，主要生产率和人的影响的有用代理指示物。颜料由于他们的复杂化学结构是相对易变的，它做质问的沉积颜料的抽取和分析。另外，选择适当方法在缺乏以前的调查的区域学习沉积颜料是重要的。在这研究，我们采用了 L 9(34) 开发抽取和 HPLC (高效液体层析) 的方法的直角的设计在西藏的高原上的二个湖的沉积颜料的分析：meromictic lake-Dagze 公司和 dimictic lake-Jiang 公司直角的设计为抽取和 HPLC 分析包括各种各样的参数的 9 联合。结果证明溶剂的类型和体积是为颜料抽取的最重要的因素，并且活动阶段和列选择为 HPLC 分析是最重要的。为学习地点，我们发现提取沉积颜料的最好的方法如下：acetone:methanol:water 的混合物的使用(80:15:5， v:v:v ) 作为抽取溶剂；10 mL/g 的 solvent/ 样品比率；为 30 s 的 sonication 和为 6 h 的站的抽取。为 HPLC 分析的最好的方法如下：加有活动阶段 A 的 C8 列的 Zorbax 日蚀， methanol:acetonitrile:0.25 M 水的 pyridine (50:25:25， v:v:v ) 并且活动阶段 B，甲醇：acetonitrile：丙酮(20:60:20， v:v:v ) ；活动阶段 A 的 pH 与醋酸适应了 6；并且 HPLC 列温度在 40

摘要：椎间融合器在临床上经常用于脊柱感染性和退行性疾病的治疗,然而,进一步的临床应用通常受到一些缺陷的困扰,如应力遮挡和融合器沉降.本研究旨在提出一种新的脊柱融合器个性化设计理念:从微观到宏观的多尺度联合设计方法,创建与腰椎骨终板弹性模量和手术形式皆匹配的脊柱融合器.具体而言,引入三周期极小曲面来模拟聚醚醚酮(PEEK)融合器的多孔结构,通过调整孔隙参数以实现定制的宏观力学性能和孔隙结构的渗透性能。接着,针对经皮内镜下腰椎后路椎间融合术(PE-PLIF)进行多目标(屈伸、弯曲和扭转)拓扑优化,得到二次设计的新型多孔拓扑融合器。最后,将临床常用的钛融合器、PEEK融合器和本文设计的新型融合器进行基于有限元方法的生物力学对比分析。结果表明,与其他两种融合器相比,新型多孔拓扑融合器有着较低的骨-融合器界面应力和较高的内部移植骨应力和应变能密度,证明其有着较低的融合器沉降率和应力屏蔽的风险.总之,新型多孔拓扑融合器由于其良好的生物力学性能成为椎间融合术的理想选择.本文所提出的融合器设计思路和理念也可用于指导其他不同椎间融合术.

摘要：ABC transporters are molecular machines which power the solute transport using ATP *** structural biology of ABC transporters has been exploding for the last few years,and this study explores timelines and trends for various attributes such as structural tools,resolution,fold,sources,and group *** study also evidences the significance of mammalian expression systems,advancements in structural biology tools,and the developing interest of group leaders across the world in the remarkably progressing *** field started in 2002 and bloomed in 2016,and COVID years were really productive to the ***,the study explores 337 structures of 58 unique ABC transporters deposited in the PDB database from which P-glycoprotein has the largest number of ***,62%of total structures are determined at the resolution of 3-4Åand 53%of structures belong to fold IV *** progressive advancements in the field,the field is shifting from prokaryotic to eukaryotic sources and X-ray crystallography to cryoelectron *** the nutshell,this study uniquely provides the detailed snapshot of the field of structural biology of ABC transporters with real-time data.

摘要：The green alga Tetraselmis subcordiformis has been widely used as a quality live food for aquaculture species, and also has been studied as a model organism for the photo-biological production of hydrogen. We attempted to quantify the relationship between T. subcordiformis specific growth rate(SGR) and three important environmental factors(temperature, salinity, and p H) using the central composite design and response surface method under laboratory conditions. The results showed that the linear effects of temperature and salinity were significant( P0.05); the interactive effect of temperature and p H was significant( P 0.05); all of the quadratic effects of the three factors were significant( P< 0.05). A model equation for specific growth rate with the three factors was established, with the unadjusted and predictive R^2 as high as 0.990 and 0.921, respectively, suggesting that the model was a very good fit and that it could be used to predict SGR. Through optimizing the reliable model, an optimal 3-factor combination of 25 ° C/35 of salinity/p H 7.9 was obtained, at which the maximum specific growth rate(0.65) was recorded, with a desirability value of 93.8%. These experimental results could serve as guidelines for increasing T. subcordiformis production efficiency.

摘要：客观：在荷尔蒙在绝经后的女人上调查长期的低剂量荷尔蒙代替治疗(HRT ) 的效果水平，认知分数，马头鱼尾的怪兽体积，和磁性的回声光谱学(太太) 参数。方法：50-87 年的 182 个绝经后的女人的一个总数在北京联合医学院医院被选择并且分到 HRTgroup 和控制组。HRT 组的志愿者拿了低剂量荷尔蒙[estradiol (E2 ) 0.5-1.0 mg 和孕酮 0.5-2.0 mg，一次一天] 为 4-33 年。E2，孕酮，和睾丸激素的集中用连接酶的免疫吸着剂试金(ELISA ) 被测量。apolipoprotein E (ApoE ) 的 Thegene 类型被聚合酶链反应，和这些题目与 Alzheimer 的易受影响的基因(ApoE epsilon3/epsilon4 ) 测量“ s 疾病(广告) 被屏蔽。Theirhippocampus 卷和太太参数通过磁性的回声成像(MRI ) 被获得，并且在二个组的结果被统计方法分析。结果：与控制组相比，在在 HRT 的每个年龄阶段的 E2 的集中组织显著地更高(P &lt; 0.05 ) 除了 the80-89 岁亚群；然而，在在二个组之间的孕酮和睾丸激素的集中没有统计差别。在在二个组之间的 ApoEsubtypes 分发没有明显的差别。为有易受影响的基因 ApoE epsilon3/epsilon4 的题目的马头鱼尾的怪兽 MRI 的结果( HRT 组 14 盒子，控制组 11 盒子)证明到在 HRT 的整个大脑体积的双边的马头鱼尾的怪兽体积的比率组织( 0.406 +/- 0.028 )比控制组显著地高( 0.369 +/- 0.031 ， P &lt; 0.05 )。为有易受影响的基因 ApoE epsilon3/epsilon4 的题目的 1H 太太的结果( HRT 组 12 盒子，控制组 11 盒子)证明在在 HRT 组( 1.54 +/-0.08 )的马头鱼尾的怪兽的区域的 N-acetylaspartate/total 肌酸比控制组显著地高( 1.45 +/- 0.13 ， P &lt; 0.05 )。结论：Forpostmenopausalwomen，长期的低剂量 HRT 能在血浆维持 E2 的生理的集中。而且，与 ApoE epsilon3/epsilon4 基因在那些上执行的马头鱼尾的怪兽 MRI 证明长期的低剂量 HRT 能阻止马头鱼尾的怪兽萎缩，它是有益的维持大脑功能并且阻止广告。

摘要：Advertisement calls play an important role in influencing female mate choice and are regarded as one of the key characters responsible for reproductive isolation and speciation events in frogs and toads. The black-spined toad, Bufo melanostictus, is one of the most common amphibians in Southeast Asia and is frequently observed in human habitations throughout its distributional range. The advertisement calls of the toad have not been well described. Here, we report the advertisement calls of this species from Lishui, Zhejiang, China during its breeding season. The advertisement calls of B. melanostictus are composed of single notes with a single harmonic frequency emitted sporadically. The call parameters recorded in this study were highly variable across recording times and with different body sizes. Dominant frequency was negatively correlated with body size. Comparing the calls of the B. melanostictus population from Lishui with the populations from five other localities(Bangkok, Thailand; Coorg, India; Burma, Myanmar; Bali, Indonesia; Halimun-Salak National Park, Indonesia), we found that call structure was similar among five different populations with no harmonics, while the Halimun-Salak National Park population contained two clear harmonics. Dominant frequency was similar between Bali(1.56 kHz) and Coorg(1.6 kHz) populations, while it was highly variable among other populations. Besides call duration, call interval and pulse/call rate may also be significantly different among the comparing populations. Pooling the available data, we observed some similarities and differences in call parameters among the six populations.

摘要：The engineering design of a Cable-In-Conduit Conductor (CICC) is complicated. A model for the optimal design of a CICC based on conductor stability, AC loss and strain is proposed. The model considers the critical current density as a function of applied strain. A mathematical programming method that minimizes the AC loss of the CICC is established to yield an optimal design for the CICC structure. The optimized structure and related performance agree well with the engineering design values used for the KSTAR project.

摘要：OBJECTIVE:To compare the effects of carbamylβ-methylcholine chloride(CMCC) administered by intra-acupuncture point injection(IAI),intramuscular injection(IMI),and intravenous injection(IVI),and to analyze the ***:In the IAI group,CMCC was injected into the Zusanli acupoint(ST 36) immediately after 30-min stimulation by electro-acupuncture(EA) at the acupoints,and into the femoral vein and skeletal muscle in IVI and IMI groups,***-gastric pressure was *** plasma concentration of CMCC was measured at various ***:The gastric effect of CMCC in the IVI group was enhanced and attenuated more rapidly than in the other *** the IAI group,this effect was significantly stronger than that in the IMI group at 2 min and 15 min,but not significantly different between the two groups at 5 min and 30 *** concentration of CMCC in the IAI group was similar to that in the IVI group at 2 min,but higher than that in the IMI *** concentration in the IAI group was higher than that in the IV group and similar to that in the IMI group at 5,15 and 30 min,indicating rapid increase and slower reduction of the plasma concentration of the drug in the IAI *** was a positive correlation between the plasma concentration of CMCC and intragastric pressure in all ***:The effect of IAI with CMCC was stronger than that of IMI and longer-lasting than that of IVI,which correlated with the blood concentration of CMCC.