摘要：This tutorial review summarizes recent progress in the research field of controlled/"living" radical polymerization (CLRP) from Soochow *** present paper gives a broad overview of the mechanism study and molecular design in *** mechanism study in CLRP aided by microwave,initiated by γ-radiation at low temperature,mediated by iron,in reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and the mechanism transfer between different CLRP processes are reviewed and *** molecular design in CLRP,especially in RAFT polymerization for mechanism study,and in achieving tailor-made functional polymers is studied and discussed in the later part.

摘要：Using a suitable solvent for extracting pigments from sediment for high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） analysis is critical for obtaining qualitative and quantitative estimates of phytoplanktonic and benthic algal biomass,as well as community composition. Five methodological factors（sample dehydration,extraction solvent,extraction duration,number of extractions,and ratio of solvent volume：sample weight） were studied using an L 9（3 4 ） orthogonal design in a sedimentary pigment extraction experiment on samples collected from the Changjiang large-river delta-front estuary（LDE）,using HPLC analysis. The results show that the optimal extraction method for sedimentary pigments should include freeze-drying samples prior to extraction. The effects of different factors on sedimentary pigment extraction were separated by the L 9（3 4 ） orthogonal design experiments and showed that the extraction solvent was the most important,with extraction duration the second most important,and numbers of extraction and ratio of solvent volume：sample weight was the least important. The mixed solvent treatment comprised of acetone,methanol and water（80：15：5,by volume） was best for polar pigment extraction,with 100% acetone better for apolar pigments. For most pigments employed in this study（i.e.,peridinin,fucoxanthin,alloxanthin,diatoxanthin,zeaxanthin,pheophytin-a and β-carotene） ,3 h was found to be enough time for extraction from these deltaic sediments. However,for chlorophyll-a,the most important pigment used for estimating algal biomass,12 h was needed. A small amount of solvent（3 ml） with duplicate extractions obtained the greatest amount and diversity of pigments. Unfortunately,no extraction method was found to be suitable for all pigments in sediments. The choice of extraction procedure should be made in accordance with the objective of each study,taking into consideration the properties of sediments and pigments in question.

摘要：Phase transformation of two-dimensional(2D)nanomaterials can lead to significant changes in electronic and optical properties,which enables the development of novel *** strategies for phase engineering of 2D nanomaterials have drawn considerable attention in recent *** review focuses on the state-of-the-art progress in the phase transformation of 2D nanomaterials and their catalytic ***,the basic concepts of phase transformation and the outstanding electronic and optical properties induced by phase transformation are briefly ***,different strategies for achieving phase transformation are discussed in detail and classified into several types based on their characteristics,including(i)doping,(ii)external fields,(iii)optical irradiation,(iv)strain effect,(v)high-energy particle excitation,and(vi)thermal *** applications of 2D nanomaterials in catalysis based on phase transformation have also been ***,a summary of the technical challenges to phase control in 2D nanomaterials and potential opportunities for developing novel applications is presented.

摘要：Conjugated polymers exhibit exceptional adaptability in flexible thin-film transistors,owing to their inherent flexibility and high charge ***,achieving conjugated polymers that demonstrate both high mobility and stability under mechanical stress,such as bending or stretching,remains a significant *** this study,we synthesized an ethylene-bridged conjugated polymer,PDPPVIDT,derived from methyl-side diketopyrrolopyrrole(DPP)and indacenodithiophene(IDT)aldehydes,using an environmentally friendly Knoevenagel condensation reaction under mild conditions,resulting in a moderate yield with promising *** characterization techniques revealed enhanced backbone planarity with stableπ-πstacking,while thin films of PDPPVIDT displayed a nearamorphous nature due to the conformational isomerism of the ethylene *** structure enables simultaneous charge transport and ***,flexible organic thinfilm transistor(OTFT)devices based on PDPPVIDT demonstrated excellent hole mobility(μh)reaching up to 1.70 cm^(2) V^(−1) s^(−1),along with high mechanical bending *** work underscores the potential of vinyl-bridged donor-acceptor conjugated polymers,highlighting the industrial adaptability of their production process and offering new insights for the design and synthesis of future flexible electronic materials.

摘要：Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)are garnering significant interest in photocatalytic CO_(2) ***,their limited efficiency in separating photogenerated carriers and the scarcity of catalytic sites lead to suboptimal photocatalytic *** we develop a molecular engineering approach to design a pyrene-based COF(PyTa-H COF)confined cobalt single atoms photocatalyst(Co SACs)for CO_(2) *** moiety is introduced to enhance visible-light harvesting capability and improve charge separation in the ***,Co SACs enhance the photocatalytic activity by accelerating the migration of photo-induced carriers and reducing the reaction energy of the rate-determining ***,PyTa-H@Co achieves a CO production rate of 18.36 mmol g^(−1) h^(−1) and a selectivity of 94%in 4 h under visible light irradiation,which is comparable to the reported best-performing *** functional theory calculations reveal that the Co SACs greatly stabilize*COOH and significantly reduce the energy of the decisive step,leading to outstanding photocatalytic *** work,through molecular engineering design,highlights the critical relationship between catalyst structure and function in enhancing photocatalytic efficiency.

摘要：Untreated urea-rich wastewater exerts severeadverse impacts on both the environment and human health,prompting extensive attention towards the urea oxidationreaction (UOR) as a sustainable technology to generate cleanenergy in recent years. UOR has a thermodynamic advantageover oxygen evolution reaction (OER) (1.23 V vs reversiblehydrogen electrode, RHE) and only requires 0.37 V (vs RHE),which is considered as an effective alternative to H_(2) production by water electrolysis. However, the inevitable kineticslowness and complex adsorption/desorption during the processhinder its practical application. Most traditional catalystsutilized for the UOR are comprised of precious metals, resulting in limited economic viability. Inspired by natural ureases, Ni-based catalysts have emerged as promisingalternatives owing to their rich deposits, low cost, and theregulated d orbitals of transition metal Ni, demonstratingconsiderable potential for UOR. Currently, numerous studieshave explored Ni-based hydroxides, oxides, chalcogenides, andphosphides in alkaline solutions. In this review, we will explorethe UOR reaction mechanism and summarize the catalystdesign strategies of various Ni-based catalysts recently, especially Ni-MOF, which has been rarely discussed before. Then,the broad prospects of UOR in practical applications aresummarized. Finally, based on the design strategies and performance comparisons discussed above, the challenges andprospects facing the future development of Ni-based electrocatalysts for the UOR will be presented.

摘要：The residue curve maps are considered as a powerful tool for the preliminary design of reactive distillation. The residue curve maps of ethyl acetate synthesis reaction were calculated based on the pseudo-homogeneous rate-based kinetic model and the NRTL activity coefficient model. The results show that the unstable node branch emerges from the ethyl acetate/water edge, moving toward the chemical equilibrium surface with the increase of Damkoeler value （D）, and the node reaches the ternary reactive azeotrope when D-∞ eventually. Conceptual design for the ethyl acetate synthesis of reactive distillation based on the residue curve maps is presented at last.

摘要：The photocatalytic degradation kinetics of carbofuran was optimized by central composite design based on response surface methodology for the first time. Three variables, TiO2 concentration, initial pH value and the concentration of carbofuran, were selected to determine the dependence of degradation efficiencies on independent variables. Response surface methodology modeling results indicated that the degradation efficiency of carbofuran was highly affected by the initial pH value and the concentration of carbofuran. Then nine degradation intermediates were detected by HPLC/MS/MS. The Frontier Electron Densities of carbofuran were calculated to predict the active sites on carbofuran attacked by hydroxyl radicals and photoholes. Point charges were used to elucidate the chemisorption pattern on TiO2 catalysts during the photocatalytic process. By combining the experimental results and calculation data, the photocatalytic degradation pathways of carbofuran were proposed, including the addition of hydroxyl radicals and the cleavage of the carbamate side chain.

摘要：Z)-5-(Trideca-4-enyl)resorcinol (1) and gibbilimbols AD (25) were synthesized in 47%60% yields over 6 steps from commercially available starting materials. The Wittig reaction of various alkyl phosphonium bromides with appropriate aldehydes in the presence of potassium tert-butoxide (t-BuOK) in anhydrous THF solution at room temperature served as the key step, and the result showed that only (Z)-configuration olefins were formed by this procedure. The synthesis of the (Z)-5-(trideca-4-enyl)resorcinol (1) was reported for the first time.

摘要：Microwave assisted-semi bionic extraction (MASBE) process for lignans from Fructus Forsythiae was studied. The influences of solvent pH value, microwave power, dosage of solvent and irradiation time were investigated. Optimum extracting parameters were determined by orthogonal experiments as follows: pH value of solvent at first extraction is 5.5-6.0, that at the second extraction is 7-8; microwave power is 700 W; mass ratio of Fructus Forsythiae to water is 1-12; irradiation time is 10 min, and extracting times is two. Under these optimal conditions, the yield of lignans reaches 0.364%. Compared with the conventional extraction methods, the MASBE process has the advantages of high extraction rate, high extraction selectivity.