摘要：Numerical models defined by means of a suitably assumed set of parameters make it possible to select the optimal structural solution for the given or assumed conditions. The paper presents examples of applications of numerical models defined in the programming language Formian during the shaping processes of various types of spatial structural systems designed for roof covers. These types of numerical models can be relatively easily adapted to the requirements, which can be frequently changed during the investment process, what makes possible a considerable reducing of costs and time of design of the space structures having even the very complex shapes. The advantageous features of application of numerical models defined in Formian are presented in models determined for selected forms of the roof covers designed also by means of a simple type of a space frame. In the paper, there are some presented visualizations made on bases of these models defining mainly for structural systems developed recently by the author for certain types of the dome covers. The proposed structural systems are built by means of the successive spatial hoops or they are created as unique forms of the geodesic dome structures.

摘要：The paper presents the principles of a method, which in two simple stages makes possible to carry out the statically calculation of values of forces acting in the fiat static indeterminate trusses. In each stage, it is considered the static determinate truss, scheme of which is obtained after remove the suitable number of members from the basic static indeterminate truss. The both intermediate statically determinate trusses are of the same clear span and they are loaded by forces of half values applied to the corresponding truss nodes. The method applies one of the typical procedures of calculation of the statically determinate trusses and then it is applied in an appropriate way the rule of superposition for obtaining the final values of forces acting in particular members of the basic truss. The values of forces calculated in this way are of a very close approximation to the force values determined in the special and complex ways being considered as the exact calculation methods. The proposed method can be useful mostly but not only for the initial structural design of such systems. The simplicity of the two-stage method justifies an assumption that it can be relatively easy and worthy to adjust to the requirements of the computer aided technology of statically calculation of the complex forms of trusses.

摘要：The paper presents general description of combined structural system and initial analysis of an innovative system proposed as the main support structure for tall or heavy loaded buildings located on subsoil of very small load-carrying ability or in earthquake areas. Moreover there is presented also an innovative two-stage method of the approximate calculation of the statically indeterminate trusses. Both are invented by the author by application of the principles of the superposition method.

摘要：The purpose of this paper is to analyze influence of design data on a component （1 - 2s）~ in stator currents of induction motors, mainly used for cage fault diagnosis. This paper shows that such an approach does not always lead to a correct outcome. The considerations are based on a ＂classical＂ model of induction motors extended to cage asymmetry by introducing cage asymmetry factors ko~ and ka. It has been found that in order to estimate the level of the component （1 - 2s）7~, it is enough to know the pole-pair number ＂p＂ and the number of rotor slots ＂N＂. The main objective of the paper is to provide engineers with simple qualitative prediction of effects due to cage faults for various motors when information on design data is very limited.

摘要：BIM （building information modeling） is a technological innovation, not only during the design process, but also during the planning and preparation stages of a construction project, as it also supports making investment decisions. An innovation which is comparable, if only slightly less significant, was the transition from using 2D systems to the 3D structural model design. The article outlines the advantages of using BIM in the preparatory stages of a construction project. It also presents benefits which relate to the employment of the BIM system in cost estimation process. The article describes the Zuzia BIM system which uses the BIM model, as this system has just been created in Poland for the purpose of construction cost estimation. The preparation of the bill of quantities is automated in this system and this has been achieved on the basis of data directly obtained from virtual models of buildings, which were carried out thanks to the collaboration of various design sectors. The article authors, using their own experience, present difficulties which can be encountered by cost estimators in Poland when calculating the value of a building with the help of the BIM concept. The article shows the design errors that prevent or hinder takeoff automatic calculation based on BIM model. Design errors shown in the article are for example reinforcement bars have been defined by a designer as elements hollow in the middle or as one element for the whole building, one type of elements assigned as few different or incorrect defining of elements in relation to the type of works.

摘要：Location of the heavily loaded building on the ground of the small load capacity requires application of the appropriate foundation structure. The required foundation system is most often deep, it is expensive and its cost increases significantly when the building is located in earthquake area or in mining damage sector. The proposed structural system of the combined foundation makes possible to design and to construct a very stable and relative inexpensive foundation structure, which can obtain an extremely large horizontal surface and which can be placed not deeply beneath the terrain level. It can be a very solid support structure for a tall building placed on very weak subsoil and at the same time located in seismic area. This system can be applied not only for new buildings but it can be used for the existing buildings and moreover for straighten of the inclined objects. Due to special arrangement of component parts the combined foundation possesses inherent features of a vibration damper, what is highly desirable if buildings have to be located in earthquake areas. When the aboveground storeys structure has some similar patterns with structural form of the combined foundation then the structural system of the whole building obtains coherent structural characteristics and it is called the combined structural system of the tall building. Suitable application of this system makes possible to design high-rise buildings having interesting and unique architectonic forms, what is presented on a selected example.

摘要：Sampling synthesis is one of the most practical and widely used approaches among the various sound synthesis methods used for creating a realistic simulation of acoustic instruments. Using numerous high quality sound samples it is possible to reproduce a sound of almost any musical instrument, including subtle variations caused by the registers of an instrument or through the use of different articulation techniques and dynamic levels. However, this method has some disadvantages. Firstly, with high fidelity reproduction systems, the repeatability of samples becomes quickly apparent for more experienced listeners. This is sometimes manually corrected by switching between several different samples of the same note. Secondly, it is standard approach to record and reproduce each note separately. It prevents samplers from reproducing natural note transitions, making fluent, connected articulations, such as legato, unnatural. Finally, samplers provide a very limited number of sound parameters to control. Therefore, it is difficult to introduce a set of purposeful fluctuations of selected parameters uniquely attributable to human performances. A synthesis system which addresses the aforementioned problems has been developed at the Academy of Music in Krakow (Poland) for a group of wind instruments as part of a symphony orchestra. The system is based on a large collection of non-standard samples. Samples contain short sequences of notes instead of single notes. In order to use them, a number of techniques have been implemented to allow the seamless connecting of recorded sequences and the control of note durations as well as tempo and dynamics envelopes. Decision-making algorithms and signal processing are applied to create melodic figures by choosing, modifying, and connecting fragments of samples, while keeping natural note transitions intact. The problem of mimicking human performances is addressed by implementing a set of performance rules. It allows to introduce contex

摘要：轮胎翻新是废旧轮胎的一种利用手段.在轮胎翻新过程中,旧轮胎胎面花纹是通过覆盖一层胎面胶料进行修复的.翻新轮胎性能的完善以及其价格比新轮胎低使其被相当频繁地使用,但安装翻新轮胎的汽车经常发生车祸.