摘要：Tattooing the skin as a means of personal expression is a ritualized practice that has been around for centuries across many different ***,the symbolic meaning of tattoos has evolved over time and is highly individualized,from both the internal perspective of the wearer and the external perspective of an *** modern Western societies through the 1970 s,tattoos represented a cultural taboo,typically associated with those outside of the mainstream such as soldiers,incarcerated criminals,gang members,and others belonging to marginalized and counter-cultural *** paper aims to review the more recent epidemiology of tattoos in Western culture in order to establish that tattooing has become a mainstream *** then review psychological and psychiatric aspects of tattoos,with a goal of revising outmoded stigmas about tattooing and helping clinicians working with tattooed patients to facilitate an exploration of the personal meaning of skin art and *** suggest that as a kind of augmentation of the physical exam,looking at and talking to patients about their tattoos can provide a valuable window into the psyche,informing clinical practice.

摘要：Despite a continuing increase in the number of patients suffering from chronic kidney disease,currently available treatments for these patients,such as dialysis and kidney transplantation,are *** kidney is also a critical target organ vulnerable to the toxicity of various new drugs,and the lack of a reliable in vitro culture model imposes a severe limitation on drug *** the development of induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)revolutionized strategies in biomedical fields,the complexity of the kidney imposed additional challenge to the application of this technology in kidney ***,the recent advancement in our understanding on the developmental origin of kidney progenitor cells and the mechanisms of their reciprocal induction and self-organization has boosted research in kidney *** since then has demonstrated that kidney organoids derived from iPSCs can serve as a useful model for drug discovery and toxicity screening,as well as for disease modeling,especially in combination with gene editing ***,attempts at kidney organoid implantation in animals have suggested their potential as an alternative source of kidney *** this review,we summarize recent progress on the generation of kidney organoids,as well as the obstacles that remain.

摘要：目的:基于对针刺治疗多囊卵巢综合征随机对照临床试验现状的系统总结和分析,提出对未来相关临床研究的建议。创新点:首次对目前针刺治疗多囊卵巢综合征随机对照临床试验进行了全面的总结和分析,从研究设计和报告规范等方面提出了一系列改进的建议。方法:对MEDLINE、EMBASE、万方和知网等八个数据库进行了针刺治疗多囊卵巢综合征相关文献的全面检索,按照纳入标准将文章进行分类和总结,并对每项研究进行了详细的质量评估。根据当前的研究情况对未来针刺治疗多囊卵巢综合征的随机对照临床试验提出了一系列建议。结论:从如何完善实验设计,提高研究质量,加强报告规范等方面提出了一系列改进的建议,对未来针刺治疗多囊卵巢综合征随机对照试验的设计和实施提供了指导和帮助。

摘要：There is a pressing need for effective therapeutics for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),the respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)*** process of drug development is a costly and meticulously paced process,where progress is often hindered by the failure of initially promising *** aid this chal-lenge,in vitro human microphysiological systems need to be refined and adapted for mechanistic studies and drug screening,thereby saving valuable time and resources during a pandemic *** SARS-CoV-2 virus attacks the lung,an organ where the unique three-dimensional(3D)structure of its functional units is critical for proper respiratory *** in vitro lung models essentially recapitulate the distinct tissue structure and the dynamic mechanical and biological interactions between different cell *** model systems include Transwell,organoid and organ-on-a-chip or microphysiological systems(MPSs).We review models that have direct relevance toward modeling the pathology of COVID-19,including the processes of inflammation,edema,coagulation,as well as lung immune *** also consider the practical issues that may influence the design and fabrication of *** role of lung MPS is addressed in the context of multi-organ models,and it is discussed how high-throughput screening and artificial intelligence can be integrated with lung MPS to accelerate drug development for COVID-19 and other infectious diseases.

摘要：背景:慢性疼痛的治疗效果仍不理想。尽管现在治疗慢性疼痛的药物种类较多,但许多患者对疗效仍不满意或诉药物的副作用太大。越来越多的证据表明,免疫系统参与了伤害性和神经病理性慢性疼痛的病理过程。设计:在英国利物浦的专题会议上,专家们出示了免疫系统参与慢性疼痛的证据。近来的研究表明,静脉(IVIg)或皮下(SCIg)注射免疫调节药物——多价免疫球蛋白(Ig G)可缓解外周神经病理性疼痛和其他疼痛性疾病。专题会议讨论了IVIg和SCIg治疗的适应证、效价比及其副作用。结果:Ig G可缓解某些伤害性和神经病理性慢性疼痛,如糖尿病、干燥综合征、纤维肌痛症、复杂性区域疼痛综合征、小儿麻痹后遗症和继发于病理性自身抗体的疼痛。结论:Ig G对某些慢性疼痛具有一定的治疗前景。Ig G是一种相对安全的治疗方法,副作用少而轻,但价格较贵。今后有必要对Ig G治疗顽固性疼痛进行随机对照研究和预测性临床试验。

摘要：目的了解城市孕妇及其家庭成员对胎儿性别偏好的现状及其孕期发生焦虑、抑郁情绪的水平,探讨孕妇对胎儿性别的偏好与其焦虑、抑郁情绪发生的相关性.方法采用自行设计的调查问卷对孕妇进行面对面的访谈,采用焦虑状态-特质问卷(STA)I和流调中心用抑郁自评量表(CES-D)评价孕妇的焦虑、抑郁情绪水平.结果有36.4%的孕妇对胎儿的性别有偏好,其中有76.5%的孕妇偏好女孩.S-AI平均得分为34.07±8.45,T-AI平均得分为36.57±7.88,CES-D平均得分为14.93±7.24,出现抑郁情绪的比例为34.5%.偏好女孩、偏好男孩和无所谓各组在状态焦虑、特质焦虑、抑郁得分之间没有差别(P>0.05).结论某市城市孕妇及其家庭成员对胎儿的性别存在偏好,但他们对胎儿性别的偏好倾向不同.孕妇孕期出现焦虑不明显,但抑郁情绪出现的比例较高,有性别偏好不是城市孕期发生焦虑、抑郁情绪的危险因子.