摘要：Environmental pollution is a major problem which affects biodiversity,public health and ecosystems *** issue cannot currently be solved using conventional technology because these treatments are expensive,ineffective and time *** methods focus unduly on the separation,rather than the destruction of *** use of genetically engineered organisms for bioremediation would be an environmentally-friendly and cost-effective alternative for the management and remediation of pollutants in contaminated *** types of genetically engineered microbes have been developed through recombinant DNA and RNA technologies,these have been utilized for the removal of heavy metals and toxic substances from contaminated *** plants can also mobilize or degrade chlorinated solvent,xenobiotic compounds,explosives and phenolic substances.A symbiotic relationship between genetic engineered microbes and transgenic plants can enhance the effectiveness of bioremediation of contaminated *** review examines recent developments in the use of genetically engineered microbes and transgenic plants for the bioremediation of contaminated *** review will also identify the environmental factors which influence bioremediation by genetically engineered microbes and transgenic plants as well as suggesting future directions for research in these areas.

摘要：在发展中国家，由于工作环境较差、工作动力不足和职业能力的下降，使推广人员的工作效率大大削弱。为了对农业推广进行干预，就要对人力资源的能力进行定期分析，从而为适当的培训和能力建设提供合理的依据。本研究，采用多阶段随机抽样方法对70个尼日利亚西南部的农业推广监督员进行调研，对尼日利亚西南部农业推广监督员的管理和监督职能、特点以及工作条件进行了分析。信息通过问卷形式收集，该问卷基于Haynes（1996）设计和验证的工具变量。数据分析用百分比、平均等级、标准差、排名法和变异数（ANOVA）等方法。研究表明，农业推广监督员需要定期地在职训练以提高他们的专业能力，同时应当改善服务条件。