摘要：Background： The specialty of allergy developed quickly in western countries because of the rapid increase of allergic diseases, whereas it developed relatively slowly in China. The prevalence of allergen sensitization and allergic diseases in Zhejiang Province of China is high and improving the medical services for these diseases is critically needed. Objective： To investigate the working status of the diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases, including doctor resources, diagnostic methods, and allergen-specific immunotherapy in patients of Zhejiang Province, and to provide instructions for the strategic development of subspecialties of allergic diseases. Methods： First we defined the doctors who treat allergic diseases, and designed a comprehensive questionnaire to collect personal and hospital information for these doctors. The questionnaires were distributed to hospitals with different ranks and from different areas in the province. The general condition of doctor＇s resources, carryout of diagnostic methods, and allergen-specific immunotherapy were described and variations in the different specialties, hospitals, and areas were further analyzed. Results： Doctors in their thirties with bachelor＇s degrees were the mainstream for diagnosing and treating allergic diseases. The main specialties of the doctor resources were the specialties of Ear, Nose and Throat（ENT）, Respirology, Pediatrics, and Dermatology. The Pediatrics specialty had a more reasonable infrastructure of doctor resources with more young doctors working in this subspecialty. The development of allergy subspecialty varied within hospitals at different levels or from different areas. The carryout of the skin prick test（SPT）, serum specific Ig E（ss Ig E）, and subcutaneous immunotherapy（SCIT） was best performed in provincial hospitals, while sublingual immunotherapy（SLIT） was prescribed most commonly in municipal hospitals. The performance of SPT and ss Ig E in Hangzhou, Jiaxing, and Wenzhou areas wa

摘要：The purpose of this review is to provide medical researchers,especially those without a bioinformatics background,with an easy-to-understand summary of the concepts and technologies used in microbiome ***,we define primary concepts such as microbiota,microbiome,and ***,we discuss study design schemes,the methods of sample size calculation,and the methods for improving the reliability of *** emphasize the importance of negative and positive controls in this ***,we discuss statistical analysis methods used in microbiome research,focusing on problems with multiple comparisons and ways to compare β-diversity between ***,we provide step-by-step pipelines for bioinformatics *** summary,the meticulous study design is a key step to obtaining meaningful results,and appropriate statistical methods are important for accurate interpretation of microbiome *** step-by-step pipelines provide researchers with insights into newly developed bioinformatics analysis methods.

摘要：目的:结核病的治疗不仅时间长、费用高,而且常常由于病人依从性不好使得治疗复杂化。直接面视下治疗(DOT),这个门诊治疗管理策略就是为了保证病人的依从性。但该策略并未得以广泛推行,因为感觉实施该策略的成本很高。本研究旨在比较DOT和传统治疗在治疗结核病中的治疗成本。设计:对某都市的县卫生局1980年到1994年间659名结核病报告病例进行回顾性经济学评估。按照1995年的美元价格估计门诊治疗成本、住院治疗成本以及复发和获得性耐药病例对治疗成本的影响。结果:DOT的治疗成本较低:每例住院治疗病人的治疗成本为＄15 670,每例门诊治疗病人的治疗成本为＄700(P<0.001)。这种治疗成本的差异是由于治疗时间不同(334天对550天)、住院次数减少(58%对75%)以及住院时间短(每例住院病人26天对55天)造成的。在传统治疗组复发或获得性耐药的发生率为10.9％,这些复发或获得性耐药病例所使用的治疗成本占总治疗成本中的35.7%,而在直接面视下治疗组,则只有1.2％的病人发生了复发或获得性耐药,他们的治疗成本只占了总治疗成本中的6.0％。结论:直接面视下治疗要比传统治疗经济。

摘要：目的:描述青少年哮喘漏诊的相关因素。设计:在人群队列研究中分析亚群。地点:丹麦欧登塞市。对象:为495名12～15岁学龄儿童,这些儿童是从3年前行队列研究的1 369名儿童中筛选出来,筛选是根据随机选择(n=292)和选择本人或家族成员中有过敏史或有哮喘样症状者(n=203)。

摘要：The global outbreak of coronavirus disease 19(COVID-19),caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-Co V-2),has raised significant global *** a rapid,efficient,sensitive,and accurate point-of-care detection method is imperative for curbing SARS-Co V-2 ***,we screened a sequence,designed a set of highly sensitive loopmediated isothermal amplification primers(LAMP)and g RNA,and developed a user-friendly detection platform combining CRISPRCas12a and RT-LAMP technology to specifically detect SARS-Co V-2 and its 5 *** analysis and Cas12a-g RNA identification ensured sequence specificity,allowing us to identify SARS-Co V-2 *** developed a method for the detection of SARSCoV-2 using these primers in combination with LAMP amplification and CRISPR-Cas12a *** method is designed to detect SARS-CoV-2(NC_045512),Alpha(B.1.1.7),Beta(B.1.351),Gamma(P.1),Delta(B.1.617.2)and Omicron(B.1.1.529).Additionally,it can differentiate SARS-CoV-2 from other *** analysis can be conducted by measuring fluorescence values,while qualitative analysis can be performed by observing fluorescence color point-of-care diagnosis changes with the naked *** results suggest that a set of novel sensitive LAMP primers and g RNA have been obtained to detect the extensive variants,and the RT-LAMPCRISPR-Cas12a platform significantly facilitates point-of-care diagnosis,thereby halting the spread of SARS-Co V-2,thus contributing to COVID-19 prevention and control.

摘要：目的确定皮质激素是否可有效预防成年危重症患者拔管后喉部水肿，并降低因喉部水肿导致的再插管。设计荟萃分析。数据来源：检索数据库PubMed，Cochrane Controlled Trials Register，Web of Science，and Embase，对语言、研究时间和发表状态没有限制。选择标准关于静脉使用皮质激素预防成年患者拔管后并发症的随机、安慰剂对照研究。回顾方法检索并根据纳入和排除标准选择文献、提取数据、评估方法学的可靠性，然后进行独立分析并重复。汇总分析数据得到优势比和95％可信区间，风险差异和需治数。研究终点：主要终点：拔管后发生喉部水肿。次要终点：由于喉部水肿导致的再插管。结果6项临床研究纳入分析（n=1923）。与安慰剂组相比，拔管前应用激素可降低喉部水肿（OR=0．38，95％可信区间为0．17～0．85）和再插管（OR=0．29，95％可信区间为0．15～0．58）的发生率，相应的风险差异分别为-0．10（-0．12～-0．07；需治数为10）和-0．02（-0．04～-0．01;需治数为50）。亚组分析显示，多次给药可明显降低喉部水肿（OR=0．14，95％可信区间为0．08～0．23）和再插管（OR=0．19，95％可信区间为0．07～0．50）的发生率，相应的风险差异分别为-0．19（-0．24--0．15；需治数为5）和-0．04（-0．07--0．02；需治数为25）。单次给药只发现有降低喉部水肿和再插管发生率的趋势，可信区间包含1。没有报道激素相关的副作用。结论成年患者拔管前预防性多次给予皮质激素可降低拔管后喉部水肿和因其所致再插管的发生率，且很少引发不良事件。

摘要：Objective: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that maternal asthma symptoms and pulmonary function are related to adverse perinatal outcomes. Study design: Asthmatic patients were recruited from the 16 centers of the Maternal Fetal Medicine Units. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second was obtained at enrollment and at monthly study visits, and the frequency of asthma symptoms was assessed from enrollment to delivery. Perinatal data were obtained at postpartum chart reviews. Results: The final cohort included 2123 participants with asthma. After adjustment for demographic characteristics, smoking, acute asthmatic episodes, and oral corticosteroid use, significant relationships were demonstrated between gestational hypertension and preterm birth and lower maternal gestational forced expiratory volume in 1 second. The data did not show any significant independent relationship between asthma symptom frequency and perinatal outcomes. Conclusion: Lower pulmonary function during pregnancy is associated with increased gestational hypertension and prematurity in the pregnancies of women with asthma, which may be due to inadequate asthma control or factors that are associated with increased asthma severity.