摘要：Bone screws are devices used to fix implants or bones to ***,conventional screws are mechanically fixed with thread and often face long-term failure due to poor *** improve osseointegration,screws are evolving from solid and smooth to porous and *** manufacturing(AM)offers a high degree of manufacturing freedom,enabling the preparation of predesigned screws that are porous and *** paper provides an overview of the problems currently faced by bone screws:long-term loosening and screw ***,advances in osseointegrated screws are summarized hierarchically(sub-micro,micro,and macro).At the sub-microscale level,we describe surface-modification techniques for enhancing *** the micro level,we summarize the micro-design parameters that affect the mechanical and biological properties of porous osseointegrated screws,including porosity,pore size,and pore *** addition,we highlight three promising pore shapes:triply periodic minimal surface,auxetic structure with negative Poisson ratio,and the Voronoi *** the macro level,we outline the strategies of graded design,gradient design,and topology optimization design to improve the mechanical strength of porous osseointegrated ***,this paper outlines advances in AM technology for enhancing the mechanical properties of porous osseointegrated *** osseointegrated screws with hierarchical design are expected to provide excellent long-term fixation and the required mechanical strength.

摘要：全球变暖对人类的生产生活造成了严重的威胁,已成为当今世界面临的重大挑战之一.碳中和这一重要举措能够有效缓解全球变暖的进程,在这一背景下光催化CO_(2)还原可有效减少碳排放且促进碳循环.g-C_(3)N_(4)因其制备工艺简单、稳定性高、能带位置适宜以及优异的光催化性能而备受关注.因此,提高g-C_(3)N_(4)光催化CO_(2)还原效率是当前研究的热点问题.本文重点探究了碳中和对于全球生态平衡和环境可持续发展的重要性以及在碳中和背景下g-C_(3)N_(4)光催化CO_(2)还原的重要作用和发展前景;综述了目前解决限制g-C_(3)N_(4)光催化CO_(2)还原瓶颈问题的方法和技术手段.对g-C_(3)N_(4)在光催化CO_(2)还原领域存在的问题进行讨论,提出了未来的研究方向,并进行展望.本综述旨在为碳中和背景下基于g-C_(3)N_(4)催化剂光催化CO_(2)还原的应用提供理论支持,为基于g-C_(3)N_(4)高效CO_(2)还原光催化剂的设计提供思路.

摘要：The forming process of biomass fuel pellets using a ring mold pelletizer was analyzed,optimized,tested and evaluated in this *** effects of stress amplitude and the stress ratio on the fatigue failure of the ring mold under 4-,3-,and 2-roller designs were *** on the calculation of stress amplitude acting on the ring mold,the 4-roller design was chosen for having the smallest value of stress amplitude in this *** determining the main design parameters,a three-dimensional model of the ring mold pelletizer was established based on the Pro/Engineer software,and the model was transferred into ADAMS software through Mechanism/Pro which is a dedicated interface *** ADAMS software was used to run *** order to obtain the highest efficiency and the lowest power consumption,the optimal result was the 4-roller ***,a prototype of the ring mold pelletizer with four rollers was designed and manufactured for biomass fuel pellet *** stover biomass was used as material for experimental manufacturing of fuel *** and evaluation showed that the optimized pellet durability was 99.79%with ground corn stover particles passing a screen size of 1.97 mm,moisture content of 21.2%*** a material moisture conditioning time of 3.82 *** formed in the prototype ring mold pelletizer using corn stover had acceptable durability according to European standards.

摘要：The blocking between two snapping rollers will seriously constrict the harvesting efficiency for corn harvester.A variable screw pitch rib snapping roller was developed to solve this *** comparative experiment between fixed screw pitch rib snapping rollers and variable screw pitch rib snapping rollers illustrated that variable screw pitch ribs can avoid corn-stalk blocking effectively,and it can improve working efficiency by 56.7%.Conservation tillage with standing corn residue was testified that it had a strong control of soil wind *** order to implement this mode of conservation tillage at a production scale,a cutter was developed in this ***,two experiments were conducted,one was to test the cutting ratio(defined as the totally cut off stalk population divided by total stalk population),and the other one was to test standing-residue *** experiment results showed that the mean cutting ratio increased significantly(p<0.05)along with increasing height of cutter-head above the ground(cutting height);the cutting ratio’s mean value increased significantly(p<0.05)along with the decreasing angle between the cutter-head and the ground(cutting angle).The average standing-residue height increased along with the increase of cutting height from 300 mm to 500 *** average standing-residue height increased significantly(p<0.05)along with the decrease of cutting angle from 15°to 0°.Therefore,the newly designed snapping roller can improve the harvesting efficiency and prolong the working life of the cutting table;and the cutter can promote the popularization of the conservation tillage with standing corn residue in Northeast China.

摘要：身份标识技术是食品溯源系统中的关键技术之一,有效的身份标识技术应具有唯一性、识别鲁棒性、耐磨损性的特点。针对粮食生产中谷物生产多源头混合配送和分销而难以追溯到源产地的问题,该文提出采用溯源颗粒标识谷物身份信息的方法,以生产工艺参数压力及配方为影响因素,设计了影响基于糖类型和基于纤维素类型2种溯源颗粒的表面粗糙度的正交试验;并应用模糊综合评判方法分析2种溯源颗粒最优工艺参数组合。该研究探索了具有较光滑表面的追溯颗粒生产过程中生产参数的优化策略,为进一步研究谷物溯源颗粒的信息标识及提高生产工艺提供技术支持。

摘要：基于美国USDA苹果分级标准研制了苹果擦伤检测分级系统样机。系统依据所研究的苹果表面擦伤拉曼光谱PLS/CVA处理和UNEQ模型分类,通过设计的LabVIEW虚拟仪器控制系统实时完成苹果分级。对48个预先分级的美国红元帅苹果(reddelicious#4167)分别进行两轮实际分级实验来评估该系统的性能。实验结果表明该分级检测系统对无擦伤、轻擦伤和重擦伤苹果组的分级平均准确率分别为100%、99%、97%。分级系统每分钟可分级苹果3～6个,对运动苹果分级误判率较低,是实施苹果自动检测分级生产线的基本模块。

摘要：Stormwater quality design manuals lack scientifically creditable bases for many novel LID (Low-Impact Development) designs presently proposed to meet stormwater runoff management requirements. Potential stormwater pollutant adsorption and infiltration enhancement capabilities of forest-derived by-products (e. g. woodchips, bio-char) provide an opportunity to combine these readily availability materials into stormwater quality designs. On-site stormwater runoff treatment through determination of the soil-water transport and lead (Pb) retention capacity of two sandy soils from Oregon is considered. Using synthetic stormwater (~120 mg Cl/L and ~5 mg Pb/L) displacement tests in pairs of ABS (Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) soil columns (75 mm dia by 0.46 m tall) with upward flow (to minimize air entrapment) saturated hydraulic conductivity, chloride dispersion and Pb retention by plain and amended soils is evaluated. Generally, soil amendment incorporation (woodchips, compost or biochar) as compared to an amendment layer resulted in improved hydraulic conductivities as compared to that of the soil alone. Chloride breakthrough curves verified that resident soil-water displacement occurred with 0.9 to 1.6 pore volumes and residence times for most columns were 15-30 minutes. No synthetic stormwater Pb "breakthrough" within the displaced or replaced soil-water was found, rather most Pb was adsorbed within the first 150 mm of soil.

摘要：Multi-objective optimization linked with an urban stormwater model is used in this study to identify cost-effective low impact development (LID) implementation designs for small urbanizing watersheds. The epsilon-Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (ε-NSGAII) has been coupled with the US Environmental Protection Agency’s Stormwater Management Model (SWMM) to balance the costs and the hydrologic benefits of candidate LID solutions. Our objective in this study is to identify the near-optimal tradeoff between the total LID costs and the total watershed runoff volume constrained by pre-development peak flow rates. This study contributes a detailed analysis of the costs and benefits associated with the use of green roofs, porous pavement, and bioretention basins within a small urbanizing watershed inState College,Pennsylvania. Beyond multi-objective analysis, this paper also contributes improved SWMM representations of LID alternatives and demonstrates their usefulness for screening alternative site layouts for LID technologies.

摘要：大多数猪舍环境调控是建立在传统控制方法基础上的单一环境变量控制系统,难以对具有多个变量的系统建立精确的数值模型。该文基于模糊控制理论,以温度偏差和温度偏差变化率作为输入量,以通风模式和加热模式为输出控制量建立温度控制器;以相对湿度偏差和氨气浓度偏差为输入量,以通风模式为输出控制量建立通风控制器;并对不同季节多环境因子进行模糊化及逻辑推理,生成不同季节的调控策略及规则,建立2个具有双输入变量的非线性控制系统,加入动态补偿控制,优化猪舍环境调控系统。该文以在美国普渡大学环境研究猪舍监测所得的数据对建立的方法进行了模拟验证。结果表明,舍内温度与设定值最大相对误差为5%,实现了舍内温度稳定控制;舍内相对湿度与设定值最大相对误差为6.3%,充分满足湿度控制要求;猪舍氨气浓度变化范围为2.0~3.7 mg/m^3,远远小于设定值9.1 mg/m^3。因此,该文提出的猪舍多环境因子模糊控制系统及策略,能够很好地满足猪舍环境控制要求,为解决寒冷冬季猪舍温度与通风调控提供可行的思路。

摘要：为提升食品微生物检验学专业人才能力,培养行业发展需要的有竞争力的人才,以构思-设计-实施-操作(Conceive-Design-Implement-Operate,CDIO)教育理念为核心,对食品微生物检验学课程进行教学模式创新研究。结合行业实际需求以及高等教育人才培养目标,对食品微生物检验学教学理念思路转变、教学模式方法革新、实践教学引进科研项目、教学基地融入实践过程等方面进行了教学改革,并对考核评估体系进行了模式创新。实践证明,食品微生物检验学教学改革和考核模式创新收到了良好的教育效果,培养了符合社会发展的专业知识水平与综合能力素质双优的专业人才。以期为同行提供有效的专业改革理念,给同类高等教育工程技术人才培养和专业教学改革提供借鉴。