摘要：While thiolate-protected Au nanoclusters （NCs） have drawn considerable interest in various fields, their poor stability in aqueous solution remains a major hurdle for practical applications. Here, we report a unique strategy based on ligand-shell engineering to improve the stability of thiolated Au NCs in solution. By employing two thiol-terminated ligands having oppositely charged functional groups on the surface of the NCs, we demonstrate that the electrostatic attraction between the oppositely charged functional groups of neighboring ligands could amplify the coordination among surface ligands, leading to the formation of pseudo-cage-like structures on the NC surface that could offer higher protection to the Au core in aqueous solution. The strategy developed in this study could be extended to toward practical applications. other metal NCs, further paving the way

摘要：An approach for the economic analysis of chemical product design is proposed. It takes into account of customers' preference on product quality and economic considerations such as pricing, profit, market share, capital investment, and operating cost. The activities needed to support business decision making – identifying product quality, estimating product cost, calculating financial metrics, and performing make–buy analysis – are *** design of a Ganoderma lucidum dietary supplement, a traditional Chinese medicinal(TCM) product, is used to illustrate all the activities in this approach.

摘要：MnO2/carbon nanocomposites with hierarchical pore structure and controllable MnO2 loading have been synthesized using a self-limiting growth method. This was achieved by the redox reactions of KMnO4 with sacrificed carbon substrates that contain hierarchical pores. The unique pore structure allows the synthesis of nanocomposites with tunable MnO2 loading up to 83 wt.%. The specific capacitance of the nanocomposites increased with the MnO2 loading; the conductivity measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, on the other hand, decreased with increasing MnO2 loading. Optimization of the MnO2 loading resulted in nanocomposites with high specific capacitance and excellent rate capability. This work provides important fundamental understanding which will facilitate the design and fabrication of high-performance supercapacitor materials for a large variety of applications.

摘要：An adaptive neuro-fuzzy control is investigated for a class of non-affine nonlinear *** do so,rigorous description and quantification of the approximation error of the neuro-fuzzy controller are firstly *** this result and Lyapunov stability theory,a novel updating algorithm to adapt the weights,centers,and widths of the neuro-fuzzy controller is ***,the proposed design method is able to guarantee the stability of the closed-loop system and the convergence of the tracking *** results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive neuro-fuzzy control scheme.

摘要：In this study, waste tire was used as raw material for the production of activated carbons through pyrolysis. ＇Fire char was first produced by carbomzation at 550℃ under nitrogen. A two tactortal design was used to optimize the production of activated carbon from tire char. The effects of several factors controlling the activation process, such as temperature （.830-930℃）, time （2-6h） and percentage ot carbon dioxide （70%-100%） were investigated. The production was described mathematically as a function of these three factors. First order modeling equations were developed for surface area, yield and mesopore volume. It was concluded that the yield, BET surface area and mesopore volume of activated carbon were most sensitive to activation temperature and time while percentage of carbon dioxide in the activation gas was a less significant factor.

摘要：Perovskite solar cells are one of the most promising alternatives to conventional photovoltaic devices, and extensive studies are focused on device optimization to further improve their performance. A compact layer of TiO2 is generally used in perovskite solar cells to block holes from reaching the fluorine-doped tin oxide electrode. In this contribution, we engineered a TiO2 compact layer using Nb doping, which resulted in solar cells with a power conversion efficiency （PCE） of 10.26%, which was higher than that of devices with the same configuration but containing a pristine TiO2 compact layer （PCE = 9.22%）. The device performance enhancement was attributed to the decreased selective contact resistance and increased charge recombination resistance resulting from Nb doping, which was revealed by the impedance spectroscopy measurements. The developed strategy highlights the importance of interface optimization for perovskite solar cells.

摘要：A eukaryotic cell contains thousands of proteins that regulate its cellular function; delivering functional proteins into cells to rectify cellular functions holds great promise for treatment of various diseases, especially cancers. In this context, ribonuclease （RNase）, an enzyme that breaks down ribonucleic acid （RNA）, has great potential for cancer therapy. However, its therapeutic application is hampered by poor intracellular delivery efficiency and inhibition by ubiquitous intracellular RNase inhibitors. In this work, by designing and synthesizing RNase nano-conjugates by in situ atom transfer radical polymerization （ATRP）, we demonstrate a simple solution to address both challenges. Compared with native RNase, nano-conjugates exhibit significantly enhanced intracellular delivery efficiency, inhibitor resistance, and a near five-fold increase in cytotoxicity. This work provides a novel platform for delivery of therapeutic proteins for cancer therapy and other applications.

摘要：In this paper we present a strategy for tuning the crystal morphology of pharmaceutical compounds by the appropriate choice of solvent via an optimization model. A three-stage approach involving a pre-design stage, a product design stage and a post-design experimental verification stage is presented. The pre-design stage addresses the tormulation of the property constraint tor crystal morphology. This involves crystallization experiments aria development of property models and constraints for morphology. In the design stage various property requirements for the solvent along with crystal morphology are considered and the product design problem is formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear programming *** design stage provides an optimal solvent/list of candidate solvents. Similar to the pre-design stage, in the post design experimental verification stage, the morphology of the crystals （precipitated from the designed solvent） is verified through crystallization experiments followed by product characterization via scanni＇ng electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction imaging and Fourier transform spectra analysis.

摘要：The emergence of orthopedic tissue engineering devices as viable clinical solutions demands that the field address significant clinical complications associated with the implantation of foreign materials in the body,especially *** tissue engineering has focused on the development of methods to regenerate and repair,until recently there has been a relative dearth of literature regarding the intersection of tissue engineering and *** particular,local delivery of antimicrobials has long been of clinical interest,but only recently has that been translated into the realm of tissue *** this perspective,we briefly review major modes of local delivery for infection prevention and treatment and discuss possible strategies for preventing implant-associated infections.

摘要：This paper reports a simple yet efficient method for the synthesis of hierarchical TiO2-B nanowire@α-Fe2O3 nanothorn core-branch arrays based on a stepwise hydrothermal approach. The as-fabricated hybrid arrays show impressive performance as a high-capacity anode for lithium-ion batteries. The key design in this study is a core-branch hybrid architecture, which not only provides large surface active sites for lithium ion insertion/extraction, but also enables fast charge transport owing to the reduced diffusion paths for both electrons and lithium ions. The peculiar combination of attributes of TiO2 （good structural stability） and Fe2O3 （large specific capacity） provides the hybrid array electrodes with several desirable electrochemical features： large reversible capacity （-800 mA.h.g^-1 for specific mass capacity and -750 μA.h-cm^-2 for specific areal＂ capacity）, good cycling stability, and high rate capability. The impressive electrochemical performance, together with the facile synthesis procedure, may provide an efficient platform to integrate the TiO2 nanowire@Fe2O3 nanothorn core-branch arrays as a three-dimensional thin film electrode for lithium-ion microbatteries.