摘要：The leaching behavior of Tunceli malachite mineral was investigated in nitric acid solutions by two steps to evaluate the effect of various experimental *** the first step,the optimal conditions for the leaching process were determined,while in the second step,a kinetic evaluation for the process was *** the optimization experiments,the concentration of nitric acid,temperature,stirring speed,and solid-to-liquid ratio were selected as the independent variables,and the central composite design method(CCD)was applied to the experimental *** the end of the experiments,the optimal values for the concentration of nitric acid,temperature,solid-to-liquid ratio and stirring speed were determined to be 0.5 mol/L,50℃,0.004 g/m L and 500 r/min,*** the optimal conditions,the leaching rate was found to be 99%for 120 min of reaction *** the kinetic evaluation tests,the effects of the concentration of nitric acid,temperature,stirring speed,solid-to-liquid ratio and particle size on the leaching rate of copper from malachite were *** these tests,it was determined that the leaching rate increased with the increase in the temperature,acid concentration and stirring speed,and with the decrease in the particle size and solid-to-liquid *** consequence of the kinetic analysis,it was observed that the leaching kinetics followed the mixed kinetic model,and a mathematical model for the leaching process was *** activation energy for this process was calculated to be 36.23 k J/mol.

摘要：The development of heterogeneous acid catalysts with higher activity than homogeneous acid catalysts is critical and still *** this study,acidic poly(ionic liquid)s with swelling ability(SAPILs)were designed and synthesized via the free radical copolymerization of ionic liquid monomers,sodium p-styrenesulfonate,and crosslinkers,followed by *** 31P nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts of adsorbed trimethylphosphine oxide indicated that the synthesized SAPILs presented moderate and single acid *** thermogravimetric analysis results in the temperature range of 300–345°C revealed that the synthesized SAPILs were more stable than the commercial resin Amberlite IR-120(H)(245°C).Cryogenic scanning electron microscopy testing demonstrated that SAPILs presented unique three-dimensional(3D)honeycomb structure in water,which was ascribed to the swelling-induced self-assembly of the ***,we used SAPILs with micron-sized honeycomb structure in water as catalysts for the hydrolysis of cyclohexyl acetate to cyclohexanol,and determined that their catalytic activity was much higher than that of homogeneous acid *** equilibrium concentrations of all reaction components inside and outside the synthesized SAPILs were quantitatively analyzed using a series of simulated reaction *** on the reaction mixture,the concentration of cyclohexyl acetate inside SAPIL-1 was 7.5–23.3 times higher than that outside of it,which suggested the high enrichment ability of SAPILs for cyclohexyl *** excellent catalytic performance of SAPILs was attributed to their 3D honeycomb structure in water and high enrichment ability for cyclohexyl acetate,which opened up new avenues for designing highly efficient heterogeneous acid catalysts that could eventually replace conventional homogeneous acid catalysts.

摘要：Currently,the reduction of weight in automotive is a very important topic to reduce the air *** this context,the purpose of the present paper is to analyze a real case study through a comparison of the environmental impacts between a conventional steel bumper and a polyester *** the first part of this work,a door-to-door life-cycle assessment methodology was used throughout the study of the component manufacturing *** SimaPro 7.1 software is used to evaluate the impacts of both bumpers on the environment and *** second part is devoted to dust analysis from the polyester *** obtained results have allowed us to show the company that its choice of steel substitution by the polyester is advantageous for certain impacts including the impact of climate change,but unfortunately there may be,given the working conditions of the polyester workshop,a transfer of impact,since we will end up with a risk of health(irritations,cancers)for the *** has proven to be a very useful tool for validating a redesigned automotive component from an environmental point of view;from this case study,several recommendations were made for the company to design environmentally friendly components,and ecodesign should be introduced into the company’s procedures.

摘要：Advanced oxidation processes(AOPs) have been applied to address multiple environmental concerns including antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs). ARGs have shown an increasing threat to human health,and they are either harbored by antibiotic-resistant bacteria(ARB) or free in the ***, the control of ARGs has been substantially limited by their low concentration and the limited knowledge about their interfacial behavior. Herein, a novel AOP catalyst, Ag/TiO_(2)/graphene oxide(GO),combined with a polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) ultrafiltration membrane was designed with a synergistic interfacial adsorption and oxidation function to inactivate ARGs with high efficiency in both model solutions and in secondary wastewater effluent, especially when the residue concentration was *** analysis showed that the mineralization of bases and phosphodiesters mainly caused the inactivation of ARGs. Moreover, the interfacial adsorption and oxidation processes of ARGs were studied at the molecular level. The results showed that GO was rich in sp^(2) backbones and functional oxygen groups,which efficiently captured and enriched the ARGs via p-p interactions and hydrogen bonds. Therefore,the photogenerated active oxygen species attack the ARGs by partially overcoming the kinetic problems in this process. The Ag/Ti O2/GO catalyst was further combined with a PVDF membrane to test its potential in wastewater treatment applications. This work offers an efficient method and a corresponding material for the inactivation and mineralization of intra/extracellular ARGs. Moreover, the molecularlevel understanding of ARG behaviors on a solid–liquid interface will inspire further control strategies of ARGs in the future.