摘要：Objectives The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties(reliability and validity)of the Social Isolation Scale(SIS)in a sample of Portuguese community-dwelling older *** A transversal descriptive study was carried out with a convenience sample of 250 community-dwelling older adults(≥65 years).The survey comprised a sociodemographic questionnaire,SIS,Geriatric Depression Scale-4(GDS-4),6-item Lubben Social Network Scale(LSNS-6),a loneliness self-assessment question,and Satisfaction with Life Scale(SWLS).Construct validity(confirmatory factor analysis)and convergent validity were analyzed,and ISI internal reliability(composite reliability),external reliability(test-retest,intraclass correlation coefficient)and inter-rater reliability(Cohen’s kappa coefficient)were *** Confirmatory factor analysis showed a two-factor model with an excellent index of *** SIS showed significant correlations with LSNS-6(rs=0.47),SWLS(rs=0.26),the loneliness self-assessment question(rs=0.35),and GDS-4(rs=−0.16).SIS composite reliability was good(0.708).The inter-class correlation coefficient varied from 0.84 to *** Cohen’s kappa coefficient ranged from 0.936 to *** SIS has been shown to be a valid and reliable instrument for assessing social isolation among Portuguese community-dwelling older *** professionals,particularly nurses working in community settings,can use SIS to assess social isolation in older adults to design,implement,and evaluate interventions.

摘要：本文的目的是向家庭医学研究者介绍案例研究,是一种在社会和健康科学中常用的严谨研究方法,与临床病例报告相差较大。本文首先概述了社会和健康科学中的案例研究,包括其定义、潜在应用、历史背景和核心特征。然后通过一个教学计划的案例研究,介绍实施案例研究项目过程的10个步骤,该教学计划旨在教授国际家庭医学住院学习者敏感检查的技能。进行案例研究的步骤包括:进行文献综述、制定研究问题、确保案例研究合适、确定案例研究设计的类型、界定案例的界限并选择案例、准备数据收集、收集和组织数据、分析数据、撰写案例研究报告、评估质量。案例研究是一种高度灵活和强大的研究工具,对家庭医学研究者来说应用广泛。

摘要：Brain growth charts and age-normed brain templates are essential resources for researchers to eventually contribute to the care of individuals with atypical developmental *** present work generates age-normed brain templates for children and adolescents at one-year intervals and the corresponding growth charts to investigate the influences of age and ethnicity using a common pediatric neuroimaging *** accelerated longitudinal cohorts with the identical experimental design were implemented in the United States and *** magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)of typically developing school-age children(TDC)was obtained up to three times at nominal intervals of1.25 *** protocol generated and compared population-and age-specific brain templates and growth charts,respectively.A total of 674 Chinese pediatric MRI scans were obtained from 457 Chinese TDC and 190 American pediatric MRI scans were obtained from 133 American ***-and age-specific brain templates were used to quantify warp cost,the differences between individual brains and brain *** growth charts for labeled brain network areas were *** analyses of cost functions supported the necessity of age-specific and ethnicitymatched brain templates,which was confirmed by growth chart *** analyses revealed volumetric growth differences between the two ethnicities primarily in lateral frontal and parietal areas,regions which are most variable across individuals in regard to their structure and ***-and ethnicity-specific brain templates facilitate establishing unbiased pediatric brain growth charts,indicating the necessity of the brain charts and brain templates generated in *** templates and growth charts as well as related codes have been made freely available to the public for open neuroscience(https://***/zuoxinian/CCS/tree/master/H3/Growth Charts).

摘要：目的探讨河南省两城市高中生文化定位、饮酒期望、自我效能和饮酒行为之间的关系，为有针对性地设计预防控制青少年饮酒教育项目提供理论依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法，于2005年11月对河南省郑州、信阳两市6所高中2756名高一、二学生进行匿名问卷调查，利用SPSS13．0和SAS8．10软件完成数据分析。结果调查学生饮酒率为56．5％。文化定位总均分为3．25（3．09，3．42）；饮酒期望总均分为3．02（2．81，3．23）；饮酒自我效能总均分为79．64（60．36，93．21）。传统文化定位、西方文化定位、饮酒积极期望、饮酒消极期望、饮酒自我效能、饮酒行为各因素之间均存在直接或间接关联。过去30d内较少的饮酒天数与较高的饮酒自我效能和饮酒消极期望、较低的饮酒积极期望和西方文化定位直接相关（相关系数分别是0．346、0．282、0．234和0．162），与中国传统文化定位无直接相关。结论调查学生饮酒情况比较严重，不同饮酒信念和文化定位影响饮酒行为的发生，预防控制青少年饮酒教育活动可以此作为切入点进行。