摘要：Anodic urea oxidation reaction(UOR)is an intriguing half reaction that can replace oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and work together with hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)toward simultaneous hydrogen fuel generation and urea-rich wastewater purification;however,it remains a challenge to achieve overall urea electrolysis with high ***,we report a multifunctional electrocatalyst termed as Rh/Ni V-LDH,through integration of nickel-vanadium layered double hydroxide(LDH)with rhodium single-atom catalyst(SAC),to achieve this *** electrocatalyst delivers high HER mass activity of0.262 A mg^(-1) and exceptionally high turnover frequency(TOF)of 2.125 s^(-1) at an overpotential of100 m ***,exceptional activity toward urea oxidation is addressed,which requires a potential of 1.33 V to yield 10 mA cm^(-2),endorsing the potential to surmount the sluggish *** splendid catalytic activity is enabled by the synergy of the Ni V-LDH support and the atomically dispersed Rh sites(located on the Ni-V hollow sites)as evidenced both experimentally and *** selfsupported Rh/Ni V-LDH catalyst serving as the anode and cathode for overall urea electrolysis(1 mol L^(-1) KOH with 0.33 mol L^(-1) urea as electrolyte)only requires a small voltage of 1.47 V to deliver 100 mA cm^(-2) with excellent *** work provides important insights into multifunctional SAC design from the perspective of support sites toward overall electrolysis applications.

摘要：This study presents an innovative approach to improving the performance of YOLO-v8 model for small object detection in radar ***,a local histogram equalization technique was applied to the original images,resulting in a notable enhancement in both contrast and detail ***,the YOLO-v8 backbone network was augmented by incorporating convolutional kernels based on a multidimensional attention mechanism and a parallel processing strategy,which facilitated more effective feature information *** the model’s head,an upsampling layer was added,along with the fusion of outputs from the shallow network,and a detection head specifically tailored for small object detection,thereby further improving ***,the loss function was modified to incorporate focal-intersection over union(IoU)in conjunction with scaled-IoU,which enhanced the model’s performance.A weighting strategy was also introduced,effectively improving detection accuracy for small *** results demonstrate that the customized model outperforms traditional approaches across various evaluation metrics,including recall,precision,F1-score,and the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,validating its efficacy and innovation in small object detection within radar *** results indicate a substantial improvement in accuracy compared to conventional methods such as image segmentation and standard convolutional neural networks.

摘要：为了降低模块化多电平变换器MMC(modular multilevel converter)的接线复杂度和通信失效故障概率,ABB提出了采用压接式IGBT串联的级联两电平CTL(cascaded two-level)变换器。由于桥臂子模块数由数百降为几十,CTL变换器输出电压电平数较少,需要在交流侧安装滤波器。为此,提出了基于三电平TL(three-level)子模块的倍电平复合式MMC变换器VLD-HMMC(voltage-level-doubler hybrid MMC)。每个桥臂有TL、半桥HB(halfbridge)子模块混合组成,且交流侧串联有一个全桥FB(full-bridge)子模块,输出电压电平数提高了1倍,从而省去了交流滤波器。各子模块具有脉冲自主触发功能且其功率开关由压接式器件串联组成,降低了桥臂子模块数,简化了控制器与主电路之间的接线复杂度,降低了通信故障的概率。单个功率开关短路故障不会影响系统正常运行,并且可避免了子模块电容的过度放电,保护电容器和功率开关,提高变换器的可靠性及故障穿越能力。所提拓扑结构实现了直流故障穿越运行,为HVDC换流站的设计提供了技术参考。