摘要：空气稳定有机自由基的发现引起了人们对探究其在分子电子学和自旋电子学中应用的兴趣.这些自由基具有独特的开壳层电子结构,因而表现出特殊的电学特性.由于其较弱的旋轨耦合特性,也使得其成为自旋电子学的重要研究对象.此外,自由基还可以通过二聚、分子识别和机械互锁等分子间相互作用来构筑超分子器件.本文综述了空气稳定有机自由基在电子学及自旋电子学中的应用,通过详述其卓越的电磁性能来拓展启发分子设计的多样性.本综述还概述了超分子自由基的制备方法和相关性质的研究进展,拓宽了单分子研究的范围.此外,自由基介导的单分子反应是一个新兴的研究方向,本文也对该领域的未来发展方向进行了展望.通过阐明空气稳定有机自由基的应用潜力,本文将有望对分子电子学和自旋电子学的研究产生一定的指导意义.

摘要：To examine the REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) program as an alternative to an oil palm plantation in West Kutai district of East Kalimantan, we determined the profitability of land use and REDD+, and the land use preferences and practices of the local people, as well as their participation in and preferences for forestry programs. Our findings indicate the following: 1) the profitability of an oil palm plantation was higher than that from other land uses and the REDD+ program;2) the local preferences for land uses were mostly consistent with the profitability of the land uses, except for oil palm plantation due to non-financial concerns;3) the local people combined each land use in accordance with their various needs;and 4) the local people were interested in a Forest and Land Rehabilitation (RHL) program in nonforestry zones. Considering these evidences, an improved RHL program based on an intensive agroforestry system and a conservation-based REDD+ program based on existing customary conservation forest management by the local people are proposed. Given the high opportunity cost and the low preference for an oil palm plantation, designing the REDD+ program by paying attention to the non-financial benefits for a community is a way forward. To enhance the non-financial benefits, it is important to take into consideration local preferences and livelihood activities in designing the REDD+ program. This study also implies the need for a reconsideration of the position of participation of local people in the safeguards of REDD+.