摘要：本文旨在从形式和概念两方面探析中世纪早期中国巍峨的佛教建筑的南亚原型。笔者认为,印度高耸神庙建造背后的几个中心概念,即祭坛、山和宫殿,对佛塔建筑的重要意义不逊于塔中供奉的舍利。这类神庙建筑依托充满精神能量的设计蓝本,其形制和平面类似于最原始的祭坛和南亚宇宙观中巍峨壮观的须弥山,围绕垂直中轴形成多层级宫殿建筑,以承袭作为世界始源的第一祭祀所拥有的原动力。一座完美的宇宙山就此构建而成,其外部表现为巍峨高耸的宫殿,以作为供奉佛教或是印度教神祗的圣殿。其落成后,对再生之灵的祭祀崇拜不再局限于特定地方圣地(南亚或东亚),信徒在此也可以真切感受到圣山的精神氛围。

摘要：The present study aimed at determining whether short-term exposure to art in shared common areas in congregate housing units could affect health and health determinants among the residents. Ten residents (mean age 80.4 years) at one block were exposed to visual art environmental enrichment in common areas over a period of three months. Thirteen persons (mean age 86.6 years) living in another block played in-house boule. Cornell’s test, Mini-Mental tests (MMT), and face recognition test were performed to assess depression, cognition, and episodic memory, respectively before and after the intervention. The results show that visual art environmental enrichment in common areas and lack of stimulating and guiding dialogues show a change in depression scores in the intervention group (p = 0.018) and the control group (p = 0.009). MMT scores improved only in the control group (p = 0.003). No changes in episodic memory in any of the groups were observed. It could be concluded that in order to obtain a positive result of short term visual art environmental enrichment, guiding art dialogues conducted by nurses, as described in previous research, should be added to visual art environmental enrichment in healthcare settings.