摘要：Vegetation plays a key role in improving wind environment of residential districts,and is helpful for creating a comfortable and beautiful living *** optimal design of vegetation for wind environment improvement in winter was investigated by carrying out field experiments in Heqingyuan residential area in Beijing,and after that,numerical simulation with SPOTE(simulation platform for outdoor thermal environment) experiments for outdoor thermal environment of vegetation was adopted for *** conclusions were summarized as follows:1) By comparing the experimental data with simulation results,it could be concluded that the wind field simulated was consistent with the actual wind field,and the flow distribution impacted by vegetation could be accurately reflected;2) The wind velocity with vegetation was lower than that without vegetation,and the wind velocity was reduced by 46%;3) By adjusting arrangement and types of vegetation in the regions with excessively large wind velocity,the pedestrian-level wind velocity could be obviously improved through the simulation and comparison.

摘要：Trialing advanced candidates in tree fruit crops is expensive due to the long-term nature of the planting and labor-intensive evaluations required to make selection *** closely the trait evaluations approximate the true trait value needs balancing with the cost of the *** of field trials of advanced apple candidates in which reduced number of locations,the number of years and the number of harvests per year were modeled to investigate the effect on the cost and accuracy in an operational breeding *** aim was to find designs that would allow evaluation of the most additional candidates while sacrificing the least *** percentage difference,response to selection,and correlated response were used to examine changes in accuracy of trait *** the quality traits evaluated,accuracy and response to selection were not substantially reduced for most trial *** management influences the decision to change trial design,and some designs had greater risk associated with *** cost and accuracy with risk yields valuable insight into advanced breeding trial *** methods outlined in this analysis would be well suited to other horticultural crop breeding programs.

摘要：Chinese bayberry （Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc.） is one of the important subtropical fruit crops native to the South of China and Asian countries. In this study, 107 novel simple sequence repeat （SSR） molecular markers, a powerful tool for genetic diversity studies, cultivar identification, and linkage map construction, were developed and characterized from whole genome shotgun sequences. M13 tailing for forward primers was applied as a simple method in different situations. In total, 828 alleles across 45 accessions were detected, with an average of 8 alleles per locus. The number of effective alleles ranged from 1.22 to 10.41 with an average of 4.08. The polymorphic information content （PIC） varied from 0.13 to 0.89, with an average of 0.63. Moreover, these markers could also be amplified in their related species Myrica cerifera （syn. More/la cerifera） and Myrica adenophora. Seventy-eight SSR markers can be used to produce a genetic map of a cross between ＇Biqi＇ and ＇Dongkui＇. A neighbor-joining （N J） tree was con- structed to assess the genetic relationships among accessions, and the elite accessions ＇Y2010-70＇, ＇Y2012-140＇, and ＇Y2012-145＇, were characterized as potential new genotypes for cultivation.

摘要：【Objectives】Rose(Rosa hybrida L.)is a beautiful and widely cultivated flowering plant around the world whose quality is of great commercial *** objective of this study was to investigate the impact of foliar application of calcium nitrate on the quality and postharvest life of two rose varieties(***,and Jumilia)in a soilless culture system.【Methods】The research used a hydroponic culture method,the roses plants were grown in Hoagland nutrient solution containing 50%less Ca for a total span of 4 *** month was dedicated to plant acclimatization,and 3 months for spray *** rose varieties(Rosa hybrida L.),*** and Jumilia plants were used as test materials and planted in pots containing 100%perlite(3-5 mm).After one month of culture,160 mg/kg CaNO3 solution was sprayed,and each treatment corresponded to the first,second,and third harvests,*** plant and flower growth indicators and flower vase life were investigated after each harvesting immediately.【Results】A positive impact of foliar-applied Ca on stem characteristics,pedicel dimensions,corolla size,flower attributes,and vase life was ***,a general trend was observed,wherein an increase in the number of harvesting stages led to improved ***,Jumilia rose consistently exhibited lower values for all studied traits,except for flower vase life,in comparison to the Samurai *** there were no significant differences in length values between Samurai and Jumilia roses due to calcium foliar application across the three harvesting ***’s grouping revealed a specific effect on Jumilia roses during the third harvest *** fertilizer significantly increased photosynthesis rates of of rose leaves in the calcium treatments compared with the control treatment.【Conclusions】Foliar spraying of calcium nitrate is an effective measure to promote the growth of roses and improve the yield,quality and bottle life of fresh cut flowers.

摘要：A total of 8375 genic simple sequence repeat（SSR） loci were discovered from a unigene set assembled from 116282 transcriptomic unigenes in this *** repeat motifs were the most common with a frequency of 65.11%,followed by trinucleotide（32.81%）.A total of 4100 primer pairs were designed from the SSR *** these,343 primer pairs（repeat length≥15 bp） were synthesized with an M13 tail and tested for stable amplification and polymorphism in four Pyrus *** the preliminary test,104 polymorphic genic SSR markers were developed; dinucleotide and trinucleotide repeats represented 97.11%（101） of ***-eight polymorphic genic SSR markers were selected randomly to further validate genetic diversity among 28 Pyrus *** markers displayed a high level of *** number of alleles at these SSR loci ranged from 2 to 17,with a mean of 9.43 alleles per locus,and the polymorphism information content（PIC） values ranged from 0.26 to *** UPGMA（unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average） cluster analysis grouped the 28 Pyrus accessions into two groups： Oriental pears and Occidental pears,which are congruent to the traditional taxonomy,demonstrating their effectiveness in analyzing Pyrus phylogenetic relationships,enriching rare Pyrus EST-SSR resources,and confirming the potential value of a pear transcriptome database for the development of new SSR markers.

摘要：环境可控农业包括利用温室和室内设施进行农业生产，这种方式在全球农业生产体系中变的越来越重要。完全密闭型植物工厂自20世纪70年代起在日本开始快速发展，目前广泛分布于大都市的郊区。近年来，垂直农场（大型的室内农业生产设施）也受到越来越多的关注。这类设施不仅可以有效解决人口快速增长带来的粮食短缺问题，还能减少农业生产对环境的影响。

摘要：Facing challenges of population decline and fiscal austerity,Japan has implemented a series of initiatives to promote public-private partnerships(PPP)to ensure the sustainability of urban parks and revitalize urban *** initiatives,while alleviating the government’s financial burdens on parks,have also raised concerns about the potential erosion of publicness and public interests resulted from the commercialization of public *** paper reviews the evolution of Japan’s urban park management system after World War II—including three phases of being purely public goods,initiating marketization,and diversifying management *** functions of parks have continuously enriched,and the construction,management,and operational modes have shifted from government-led towards multi-stakeholder participation,along with expanded funding *** examining the PPP types,driving forces,implementation mechanisms and challenges in urban park management,this paper points out that,in different eras and social contexts,the Japanese government has kept adjusting its role to maximize public *** has proactively updated the implications of publicness in infrastructure like urban parks,from a post-war opposite of publicness versus privateness on ownership,to the participation of private capital for a higher efficiency,and finally to a community for a stronger regional *** reforms of urban park management system in Japan offer significant lessons and insights for urban infrastructure management in other countries and regions.